Heidi Holland
Peter Patrone
Scoop Rosenbaum
Susan Johnston
Lisa
Jill
Fran
Date premiered
November 18, 1988
Place premiered
Playwrights Horizons
New York City, New York
Original language
English
Subject
Genre
Drama
Setting
New York, Chicago, Manchester, New Hampshire, Ann Arbor, 1965-1989
IBDB profile
The Heidi Chronicles is a 1988 play by Wendy Wasserstein. The play won the 1989 Pulitzer Prize for Drama.
Contents
1Production history
2Plot synopsis
3Critical responses
4Film adaptation
5Awards and nominations
6References
7External links
Production history
A workshop production at Seattle Repertory Theatre was held in April 1988, directed by Daniel J. Sullivan.
The play premiered off-Broadway at Playwrights Horizons on November 18, 1988 and closed on February 19, 1989 after 99 performances. It then transferred to Broadway at the Plymouth Theatre, opening on March 9, 1989 and closing on September 1, 1990, after 622 performances. Both productions were directed by Sullivan, with a cast that starred Joan Allen as Heidi, Boyd Gaines as Peter, and Peter Friedman as Scoop. Sarah Jessica Parker was featured in three small roles off-Broadway; those roles were played by Cynthia Nixon for the Broadway run.
Replacement actors on Broadway included Christine Lahti, Brooke Adams, and Mary McDonnell as Heidi, David Hyde Pierce as Peter, and Tony Shalhoub as Scoop.
Two Broadway Heidis married the actor who played opposite them as Scoop: Joan Allen and Peter Friedman (now divorced) and Brooke Adams and Tony Shalhoub
The first major production mounted after Wasserstein’s death in January 2006 was at the Berkshire Theatre Festival during the summer of 2006.
Plot synopsis
The plot follows Heidi Holland from high school in the 1960s to her career as a successful art historian more than twenty years later. The play’s main themes deal with the changing role of women during this time period, describing both Heidi’s ardent feminism during the 1970s and her eventual sense of betrayal during the 1980s. Though most of the characters are women, there are two important male characters; Peter Patrone, a gay pediatrician who is arguably Heidi’s best friend, and Scoop Rosenbaum, a magazine editor who marries and has many affairs, and with whom Heidi has a tense friendship.
Critical responses
New York Times critic Mel Gussow wrote of the Playwrights Horizon production: “Ms. Wasserstein has always been a clever writer of comedy. This time she has been exceedingly watchful about not settling for easy laughter, and the result is a more penetrating play. This is not to suggest, however, that The Heidi Chronicles is ever lacking in humor.”
Film adaptation
Main article: The Heidi Chronicles (film)
In 1995 the play was adapted as a television film. It was directed by Paul Bogart and starred Jamie Lee Curtis and Tom Hulce in the leading roles.
Awards and nominations
Tony Award
Best Play (winner)
Best Actress in a Play (Allen) (nominee)
Best Featured Actor in a Play (Gaines) (winner)
Best Featured Actress in a Play (Joanne Camp)(nominee)
Best Scenic Design (Thomas Lynch)(nominee)
Best Direction of a Play (nominee)
Drama Desk Award
Best New Play (winner)
Outstanding Actor in a Play (Friedman)
Outstanding Actress in a Play (Allen) (nominee)
Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play (Joanne Camp)(nominee)
Outstanding Director of a Play (nominee)
Outstanding Set Design (nominee)
New York Drama Critics Circle
Best Play (winner)
References
^ Gussow, Mel.”Review/Theater; A Modern-Day Heffalump in Search of Herself”,The New York Times, December 18, 1988
Wasserstein, Wendy (1989). The Heidi Chronicles: A Play. New York: Dramatists Play Service. ISBN 0822205106. http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0822205106. Retrieved 2006-06-26.
External links
The Heidi Chronicles at the Internet Broadway Database
The Heidi Chronicles at the Internet off-Broadway Database
The Heidi Chronicles at the Internet Movie Database
v•d•e
Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Play
The Way of the World / Thieves’ Carnival / Twelfth Night / The Merchant of Venice / The White Devil (1955) ·The Iceman Cometh (1956) ·Same Time, Next Year / Equus (1975) ·Streamers (1976) ·A Texas Trilogy / Otherwise Engaged (1977) ·Da (1978) ·The Elephant Man (1979) ·Children of a Lesser God (1980) ·Amadeus (1981) ·Master Harold…and the Boys (1982) ·Torch Song Trilogy (1983) ·The Real Thing (1984) ·As Is (1985) ·A Lie of the Mind (1986) ·Fences (1987) ·M. Butterfly (1988) ·The Heidi Chronicles (1989) ·The Piano Lesson (1990) ·Lost in Yonkers (1991) ·Marvin’s Room (1992) ·Angels in America: Millennium Approaches (1993) ·Angels in America: Perestroika (1994) ·Love! Valour! Compassion! (1995) ·Master Class (1996) ·How I Learned to Drive (1997) ·The Beauty Queen of Leenane (1998) ·Wit (1999) ·Copenhagen (2000) ·Proof (2001) ·The Goat: or, Who is Sylvia? / Metamorphoses (2002) ·Take Me Out (2003) ·I Am My Own Wife (2004) ·Doubt: A Parable (2005) ·The History Boys (2006) ·The Coast of Utopia (2007) ·August: Osage County (2008) ·Ruined (2009)
v•d•e
Pulitzer Prize for Drama
A Chorus Line (1976) ·The Shadow Box (1977) ·The Gin Game (1978) ·Buried Child (1979) ·Talley’s Folly (1980) ·Crimes of the Heart (1981) ·A Soldier’s Play (1982) ·‘night, Mother (1983) ·Glengarry Glen Ross (1984) ·Sunday in the Park with George (1985) ·Fences (1987) ·Driving Miss Daisy (1988) ·The Heidi Chronicles (1989) ·The Piano Lesson (1990) ·Lost in Yonkers (1991) ·The Kentucky Cycle (1992) ·Angels in America: Millennium Approaches (1993) ·Three Tall Women (1994) ·The Young Man From Atlanta (1995) ·Rent (1996) ·How I Learned to Drive (1998) ·Wit (1999) ·Dinner with Friends (2000)
Travesties (1976) ·The Shadow Box (1977) ·Da (1978) ·The Elephant Man (1979) ·Children of a Lesser God (1980) ·Amadeus (1981) ·The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (1982) ·Torch Song Trilogy (1983) ·The Real Thing (1984) ·Biloxi Blues (1985) ·I’m Not Rappaport (1986) ·Fences (1987) ·M. Butterfly (1988) ·The Heidi Chronicles (1989) ·The Grapes of Wrath (1990) ·Lost in Yonkers (1991) ·Dancing at Lughnasa (1992) ·Angels in America: Millennium Approaches (1993) ·Angels in America: Perestroika (1994) ·Love! Valour! Compassion! (1995) ·Master Class (1996) ·The Last Night of Ballyhoo (1997) ·“Art” (1998) ·Side Man (1999) ·Copenhagen (2000)
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Heidi_Chronicles”
Categories: 1988 plays | Broadway plays | Drama Desk Award winning plays | New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award winners | Off-Broadway plays | Pulitzer Prize for Drama | Theatre in New York City | Tony Award winning plays | Plays by Wendy Wasserstein
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This page was last modified on 20 December 2009 at 17:43.
Bryn Mawr Presbyterian Church is a church in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania and is part of the PCUSA denomination. BMPC is one of the 20 largest churches in the denomination with over 3000 members.
The church was founded in 1873 and has become well known on the Main Line for involvement in many community projects. The choir, directed by Jeffrey Brillhart is also well known and has sung in Russia, Brazil, Cuba and South Africa.
The current (interim) senior pastor is Jim Carter.
Notable Members
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson was a member of this church while he served on the faculty at nearby Bryn Mawr College
This article about a church or other Christian place of worship in the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryn_Mawr_Presbyterian_Church”
Categories: Presbyterian churches in Pennsylvania | United States church stubs
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This page was last modified on 29 December 2009 at 03:57.
(Redirected from Architecture with non-sequential dynamic execution scheduling)
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NEC VR10000.
The R10000, code-named “T5″, is a microprocessor implementation of the MIPS IV instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by MIPS Technologies, Inc. (MTI), then a division of Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI). The chief designers were Chris Rowen and Kenneth C. Yeager. The R10000 microarchitecture was known as ANDES, an abbreviation for Architecture with Non-sequential Dynamic Execution Scheduling. The R10000 largely replaced the R8000 in the high-end and the R4400 elsewhere. MTI was a fabless semiconductor company, the R10000 was fabricated by NEC and Toshiba. Previous fabricators of MIPS microprocessors such as Integrated Device Technology (IDT) and three others did not fabricate the R10000 as it was more expensive to do so than the R4000 and R4400.
Contents
1History
2Users
3Description
3.1Integer unit
3.2Floating-point unit
3.3Caches
3.4Addressing
3.5Avalanche system bus
3.6Fabrication
4Derivatives
4.1R12000
4.2R12000A
4.3R14000
4.4R14000A
4.5R16000
4.6R16000A
4.7R18000
5Notes
6References
History
The R10000 was introduced in January 1996 at clock frequencies ranging from 150 MHz to 200 MHz, but was not available in large volumes until later in the year due to fabrication problems at MIPS’s foundries. The 200 MHz version was in short supply throughout 1996, and was priced at US$3,000 as a result.
On 25 September 1996, SGI announced that R10000s fabricated by NEC between March and the end of July that year were faulty, drawing too much current and causing systems to shut down during operation. SGI recalled 10,000 R10000s that had shipped in systems as a result, which impacted the company’s earnings.
In 1997, a version of R10000 fabricated in a 0.25 µm process enabled the microprocessor to reach 250 MHz.
Users
Users of the R10000 included:
SGI, in its Indigo2 and O2 workstations, Challenge servers, and Origin 2000 supercomputers
NEC, in its Cenju-4 supercomputer
Siemens Nixdorf, in its servers run under SINIX
Tandem Computers, in its Himalaya fault-tolerant servers
Description
The R10000 is a four-way superscalar design that implements register renaming and executes instructions out-of-order. Its design was a departure from previous MTI microprocessors such as the R4000, which was a much simpler scalar in-order design that relied largely on high clock rates for performance.
The R10000 fetches four instructions every cycle from its instruction cache. These instructions are decoded and then placed into the integer, floating-point or load/store instruction queues depending on the type of the instruction. The decode unit is assisted by the pre-decoded instructions from the instruction cache, which append five bits to every instruction to enable the unit to quickly identify which execution unit the instruction is executed in, and rearrange the format of the instruction to optimize the decode process.
Each of the instruction queues can accept up to four instructions from the decoder, avoiding any bottlenecks. The instruction queues issue their instructions to their execution units dynamically depending on the availability of operands and resources. Each of the queues except for the load/store queue can issue up to two instructions every cycle to its execution units. The load/store queue can only issue one instruction. The R10000 can thus issue up to five instructions every cycle.
Integer unit
The integer unit consists of the integer register file and three pipelines, two integer, one load store. The integer register file was 64 bits wide and contained 64 entries, of which 32 were architectural registers and 32 were rename registers used to implement register renaming. The register file had seven read ports and three write ports. Both integer pipelines have an adder and a logic unit. However, only the first pipeline has a barrel shifter and hardware for confirming the prediction of conditional branches. The second pipeline is used to access the multiplier and divider. Multiplies are pipelined, and have a six-cycle latency for 32-bit integers and ten for 64-bit integers. Division is not pipelined. The divider uses a non-restoring algorithm that produces one bit per cycle. Latencies for 32-bit and 64-bit divides are 35 and 67 cycles, respectively.
Floating-point unit
The floating-point unit (FPU) consisted of four functional units, an adder, a multiplier, divide unit and square root unit. The adder and multiplier are pipelined, but the divide and square root units are not. Adds and multiplies have a latency of three cycles and the adder and multiplier can accept a new instruction every cycle. The divide unit has a 12- or 19-cycle latency, depending on whether the divide is single precision or double precision, respectively.
The square root unit executes square root and reciprocal square root instructions. Square root instructions have a 18- or 33-cycle latency for single precision or double precision, respectively. A new square root instruction can be issued to the divide unit every 20 or 35 cycles for single precision and double precision respectively. Reciprocal square roots have longer latencies, 30 to 52 cycles for single precision (32-bit) and double precision (64-bit) respectively.
The floating-point register file contains sixty-four 64-bit registers, of which thirty-two are architectural and the remaining are rename registers. The adder has its own dedicated read and write ports, whereas the multiplier shares its with the divider and square root unit.
The divide and square root units use the SRT algorithm. The MIPS IV ISA has a multiply-add instruction. This instruction is implemented by the R10000 with a bypass — the result of the multiply can bypass the register file and be delivered to the add pipeline as an operand, thus it is not a fused multiply-add, and has a four-cycle latency.
Caches
The R10000 has two large (for 1996) on-chip caches, a 32 KB instruction cache and a 32 KB data cache. The instruction cache is two-way set-associative and has a 128-byte line size. Instructions are partially decoded by appending four bits to each instruction (which have a length of 32 bits) before they are placed in the cache.
The 32 KB data cache is dual-ported through two-way interleaving. It consists of two 16 KB banks, and each bank are two-way set-associative. The cache has 64-byte lines, uses the write-back protocol, and is virtually indexed and physically tagged to enable the cache to be indexed in the same clock cycle and to maintain coherency with the secondary cache.
The external secondary unified cache supported capacities between 512 KB and 16 MB. It is implemented with commodity synchronous static random access memorys (SSRAMs). The cache is accessed via its own 128-bit bus that is protected by 9-bits of error correcting code (ECC). The cache and bus operate at the same clock rate as the R10000, whose maximum frequency was 200 MHz. At 200 MHz, the bus yielded a peak bandwidth of 3.2 GB/s. The cache is two-way set associative, but to avoid a high pin count, the R10000 predicts which way is accessed.
Addressing
MIPS IV is a 64-bit architecture, but the R10000 did not implement the entire physical or virtual address to reduce cost. Instead, it has a 40-bit physical address and a 44-bit virtual address, thus it is capable of addressing 1 TB of physical memory and 16 TB of virtual memory.
Avalanche system bus
The R10000 used the Avalanche bus, a 64-bit bus that operated at frequencies up to 100 MHz. Avalanche is a multiplexed address and data bus, so at 100 MHz it yielded a maximum theoretical bandwidth of 800 MB/s, but its peak bandwidth was 640 MB/s as it required some cycles to transmit addresses.
The system interface controller supported glue-less symmetrical multiprocessing (SMP) of up to four microprocessors. Systems using the R10000 with external logic could scale to hundreds of processors. An example of such a system is the Origin 2000.
Fabrication
The R10000 consisted of approximately 6.8 million transistors, of which approximately 4.4 million are contained in the primary caches. The die measured 16.640 by 17.934 mm, for a die area of 298.422 mm2. It was fabricated in a 0.35 µm process and packaged in 599-pad ceramic land grid array (LGA). Before the R10000 was introduced, the Microprocessor Report, covering the 1994 Microprocessor Forum, reported that it was packaged in a 527-pin ceramic pin grid array (CPGA); and that vendors also investigated the possibility of using a 339-pin multi-chip module (MCM) containing the microprocessor die and 1 MB of cache.
Derivatives
The R10000 was extended by multiple successive derivatives. All derivatives after the R12000 have their clock frequency kept as low as possible to maintain power dissipation in the 15 to 20 W range so they could be densely packaged in SGI’s high performance computing (HPC) systems.
R12000
The R12000 was a derivative of the R10000 started by MIPS and completed by SGI. It was fabricated by NEC and Toshiba. The version fabricated by NEC was called the VR12000. The microprocessor was introduced in November 1998. It was available at 270, 300 and 360 MHz. The R12000 was developed as a stop-gap solution following the cancellation of the “Beast” project, which intended to deliver a successor to the R10000. R12000 users included NEC, Siemens-Nixdorf, SGI and Tandem Computers (and later Compaq, after their acquisition of Tandem).
The R12000 improved upon the R10000 microarchitecture by: inserting an extra pipeline stage to improve clock frequency by resolving a critical path; increasing the number of entries in the branch history table, improving prediction; modifying the instruction queues so they take into account the age of a queued instruction, enabling older instructions to be executed before newer ones if possible.
The R12000 was fabricated by NEC and Toshiba in a 0.25 µm CMOS process with four levels of aluminum interconnect. The new use of a new process did not mean that the R12000 was a simple die shrink with a tweaked microarchitecture, the layout of the die was optimized to take advantage of the 0.25 µm process. The NEC fabricated VR12000 contained 7.15 million transistors and measured 15.7 by 14.6 mm (229.22 mm2).
R12000A
The R12000A was a derivative of the R12000 developed by SGI. Introduced in July 2000, it operated at 400 MHz and was fabricated by NEC a 0.18 µm process with aluminum interconnects.
R14000
The R14000 was a further development of the R12000 announced in July 2001. The R14000 operated at 500 MHz, enabled by the 0.13 µm CMOS process with five levels of copper interconnect it was fabricated with. It featured improvements to the microarchitecture of the R12000 by supporting double data rate (DDR) SSRAMs for the secondary cache and a 200 MHz system bus.
R14000A
The R14000A was a further development of the R14000 announced in February 2002. It operated at 600 MHz, dissipated approximately 17 W, and was fabricated by NEC Corporation in a 0.13 µm CMOS process with seven levels of copper interconnect.
R16000
The R16000, code-named “N0″, was the last derivative of the R10000. It was developed by SGI and fabricated by NEC in their 0.11 µm process with eight levels of copper interconnect. The microprocessor was introduced on 9 January 2003, debuting at 700 MHz for the Fuel. In April 2003, a 600 MHz version was introduced for the Origin 350. Improvements were 64 KB instruction and data caches.
R16000A
The R16000 refers to R16000 microprocessors with clock rates higher than 700 MHz. The first R16000A was a 800 MHz version, introduced on 4 February 2004. Later, a 900 MHz version was introduced, and this version was for some time, the fastest publicly known R16000A—SGI later revealed there were 1.0 GHz R16000s shipped to selected customers. R16000 users included HP and SGI. SGI used the microprocessor in their Fuel and Tezro workstations; and the Origin 3000 servers and supercomputers. HP used the R16000A in their NonStop Himalaya S-Series fault-tolerant servers inherited from Compaq via Tandem.
R18000
The R18000 was a canceled further development of the R10000 microarchitecture that featured major improvements by Silicon Graphics, Inc. described at the Hot Chips symposium in 2001. The R18000 was designed specifically for SGI’s ccNUMA servers and supercomputers. Each node would have two R18000s connected via a multiplexed bus to a system controller, which interfaced the microprocessors to their local memory and the rest of the system via a hypercube network.
The R18000 improved the floating-point instruction queues and revised the floating-point unit to feature two multiply-add units, quadrupling the peak FLOPS count. Division and square-root were performed in separate non-pipelined units in parallel to the multiply-add units. The system interface and memory hierarchy was also significantly reworked. It would have a 52-bit virtual address and a 48-bit physical address. The bidirectional multiplexed address and data system bus of the R18000 would be replaced by two unidirectional DDR links, a 64-bit multiplexed address and write path and a 128-bit read path. Although they are unidirectional, each path could be shared by another R18000, although the two would be shared through multiplexing. The bus could also be configured in the SysAD or Avalanche configuration for backwards compatibility with R10000 systems.
The R18000 would have a 1 MB four-way set-associative secondary cache would be included on-die; supplemented by an optional tertiary cache built from single data rate (SDR) or double data rate (DDR) SSRAM or DDR SDRAM with capacities of 2 to 64 MB. The L3 cache had its cache tags, equivalent to 400 KB, located on-die to reduce latency. The L3 cache is accessed via a 144-bit bus, of which 128 bits are for data and 8 bit for ECC. The L3 cache’s clock rate was to have been programmable.
The R18000 was to be fabricated in NEC’s UX5 process, a 0.13 µm CMOS process with nine levels of copper interconnect. It would have used 1.2 V power supply and dissipated less heat than contemporary server microprocessors in order to be densely packed into systems.
Notes
^ “MIPS Claims Floating-Point Record With R10000, The Hottest Chip At The Microprocessor Forum”.
^ Gwennap, “Alpha Sails, PowerPC Flails”, p. 8.”
^ “Defects Revealed In SGI R10000 MIPS Systems, Revenues Hit”.
^ “SGI To Recall 10,000 R10000s”.
^ Yeager, “The R100000 Superscalar Microprocessor”, p. 28.
^ “MIPS R10000 Uses Decoupled Architecture”, p. 4.
^ Gwennap, “MIPS R12000 to Hit 300 MHz”.
^ Halfhill, “RISC Fights Bach with the Mips R12000″.
^ ab “SGI to develop MIPS chips for Origin, Onyx”
^ Silicon Graphics, Inc., SGI Boosts Price/Performance on Silicon Graphics Fuel Visual Workstation Family up to 25%.
References
“MIPS Claims Floating-Point Record With R10000, The Hottest Chip At The Microprocessor Forum”. (31 October 1994). Computer Business Review.
“Defects Revealed In SGI R10000 MIPS Systems, Revenues Hit”. (26 September 1996). Computer Business Review.
“SGI To Recall 10,000 R10000s”. (30 September 1996). Computer Business Review.
ComputerWire (2 July 2002). “SGI to develop MIPS chips for Origin, Onyx”. The Register.
Fu, Tim et al. (31 August 2001). “R18000: The Latest SGI Superscalar Microprocessor”. Hot Chips XIII.
Gwennap, Linley (24 October 1994). “MIPS R10000 Uses Decoupled Architecture”. Microprocessor Report, Volume 8, Number 14.
Gwennap, Linley (27 January 1997). “Alpha Sails, PowerPC Flails”. Microprocessor Report, pp. 1, 6–9.
Gwennap, Linley (6 October 1997). “MIPS R12000 to Hit 300 MHz”. Microprocessor Report, Volume 11, Number 13.
Halfhill, Tom R. (November 1994). “T5: Brute Force”. Byte Magazine.
Halfhill, Tom R. (January 1998). “RISC Fights Back with the Mips R12000″. Byte Magazine.
Heinrich, Joe (29 January 1997). “MIPS R10000 Microprocessor User’s Manual”.
Kanellos, Michael; Kawamoto, Dawn (9 April 1998). “Silicon Graphics scraps MIPS plans”. CNET News.
One stage Tour de France
One stage Vuelta a España
Infobox last updated on:
June 30, 2008
Dominique Gaigne (born July 3, 1961 in Pacé, France) is a former French professional road bicycle racer. He won one stage in the 1983 Tour de France and wore the yellow jersey for one day in the 1986 Tour de France.
Palmarès
1983
Vuelta a España:
Tour de France:
1986
Tour de France:
1989
External links
Dominique Gaigne profile at Cycling Archives
Official Tour de France results for Dominique Gaigne
Persondata
NAME
Gaigne, Dominique
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION
Road bicycle racer
DATE OF BIRTH
1961-07-03
PLACE OF BIRTH
Pacé
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique_Gaigne”
Categories: 1961 births | Living people | French cyclists | French Tour de France stage winners
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This page was last modified on 22 December 2009 at 13:37.
This article does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009)
“If She Knew What She Wants”
Single by The Bangles
from the album Different Light
Released
1986
Format
CD single
Genre
Rock
Length
3:26
Label
Octone Records
Writer(s)
Jules Shear
Producer
David Kahne
The Bangles singles chronology
“Manic Monday”
(1986)
“If She Knew What She Wants“
(1986)
“Walk Like an Egyptian”
(1986)
“If She Knew What She Wants” is a song by Jules Shear released on his 1985 albumThe Eternal Return. The song was later covered by The Bangles. The song was originally written in the first person, essentially a love song, but the Bangles rewrote the lyrics in the third person, rather than change the subject’s gender. The cover version by the Bangles charted at number 29 on the Billboard Hot 100 and at number 31 on the UK Singles Chart.
The song is also known for having two separate music videos, one that wascommonly shown in North America and the other that was commonly shown in Europe. The “American version” was directed by Tamar Simon Hoffs, the mother of Bangles guitarist/vocalist Susanna Hoffs who sings lead in this song.
All Over the Place·Different Light·Everything·Doll Revolution
Extended plays
Bangles
Compilations
Greatest Hits
Singles
“The Real World” ·“Getting Out of Hand” ·“Hero Takes a Fall” ·“Going Down to Liverpool” ·“Manic Monday” ·“If She Knew What She Wants“ ·“Walk Like an Egyptian” ·“Walking Down Your Street” ·“Following” ·“Hazy Shade of Winter” ·“In Your Room” ·“Eternal Flame” ·“Be with You” ·“I’ll Set You Free” ·“Everything I Wanted” ·“The Eternal Mix” ·“Something That You Said” ·“Tear Off Your Own Head” ·“I Will Take Care of You” ·“Light My Way”
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_She_Knew_What_She_Wants”
Categories: 1986 singles | The Bangles songs | Songs written by Jules ShearHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from December 2009 | All articles lacking sources
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This page was last modified on 31 January 2010 at 03:04.
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references
Selenomethionine is an amino acid containing selenium. The L-isomer of selenomethionine, known as Se-met and Sem, is a common natural food source of selenium. In vivo, selenomethionine is randomly incorporated instead of methionine and is readily oxidized. Its antioxidant activity arises from its ability to deplete reactive species. Selenium and sulfur are chalcogen elements that share many chemical properties and the substitution of methionine to selenomethionine may have no effect on protein structure and function. However, the incorporation of selenomethionine into tissue proteins and keratin in horses causes alkali disease. Alkali disease is characterized by emaciation, loss of hair, deformation and shedding of hooves, loss of vitality and erosion of the joints of long bones.
Incorporation of selenomethionine into proteins in place of methionine aids the structure elucidation of proteins by X-ray crystallography using multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD). The incorporation of heavy atoms such as selenium helps solving the phase problem in X-ray crystallography.
It has been suggested that selenomethionine, which is an organic form of selenium, is easier for the human body to absorb than selenite, which is an inorganic form. It was determined in a clinical trial that selenomethionine is absorbed 19% better than selenite.
Potential Toxicity
On January 19, 2010, a worker at Sabinsa Corp. in Payson, Utah, was exposed to selenomethionine dust through inhalation. The worker became ill, suffering vomiting, and was transported to a hospital emergency room where he subsequently died of cardiac arrest. The company has denied L-selenomethionine was responsible. Toxicology results are expected in 8 to 12 weeks.
References
^ ab“Product Review: Supplements for Cancer Prevention (Green Tea, Lycopene, and Selenium)”. ConsumerLab.com. http://www.consumerlab.com/reviews/Supplements_for_Cancer_Prevention_Green_Tea_Lycopene_and_Selenium/cancerprevention/. Retrieved 2008-04-20. “Selenium supplements are available in organic and inorganic forms. Some research suggests that the inorganic form, selenite, is harder for the body to absorb than organic forms such as selenomethionine (selenium bound to methionine, an essential amino acid) or high-selenium yeast (which contains selenomethionine). A recent clinical trial found that selenomethionine had 19% better absorption than selenite; absorption from selenium yeast was about 10% better than selenite.“
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A Woodworking machine is a machine that is intended to process wood. These machines are usually powered by electric motors and are used extensively in woodworking. Sometimes grinding machines (for grinding woodworking tools) are also considered a part of woodworking machinery.
These machines are used both in small-scale commercial production of timber products and by hobbyists. Most of these machines may be used on solid timber and on composite products. Machines can be divided into the bigger stationary machines where the machine remains stationary while the material is moved over the machine, and hand-held power tools, where the tool is moved over the material.
Stuttgart Metropolitan Region Metropolregion Stuttgart
location of the Stuttgart Metropolitan Region (orange) in Baden-Württemberg
Country
Germany
State
Baden-Württemberg
Largest Cities
Stuttgart
Heilbronn
Tübingen/Reutlingen
Government
- Type
Verband Region Stuttgart
Area
- Metro
15,400 km2 (5,946 sq mi)
Population (2007)
- Metro
5,300,000
- Metro Density
343/km2 (888.4/sq mi)
Time zone
CET (UTC+1)
Website
http://www.region-stuttgart.org/metropolregion/
The Stuttgart Metropolitan Region is a metropolitan area of Germany consisting of the cities of Stuttgart, Heilbronn, Tübingen/Reutlingen. These cities are arranged into three agglomeration areas. The population of the area is about 5,300,000 and it is one of the biggest regions in Germany. This area covers an area of ca 15000 km².
The Stuttgart metropolitan area is roughly 600 km east of Paris, the capital city of France, and about 200 km south of Frankfurt.
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Dundarrach, North Carolina
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Dundarrach, North Carolina
— CDP —
Location of Dundarrach, North Carolina
Coordinates: and other data for this location”>34°55?12?N79°9?34?W? / ?34.92°N 79.15944°W? / 34.92; -79.15944
Country
United States
State
North Carolina
County
Hoke
Area
- Total
1.6 sq mi (4.0 km2)
- Land
1.6 sq mi (4.0 km2)
- Water
0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2)
Elevation
223 ft (68 m)
Population (2000)
- Total
62
- Density
39.7/sq mi (15.3/km2)
Time zone
Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
- Summer (DST)
EDT (UTC-4)
FIPS code
37-18300
GNIS feature ID
0984428
Dundarrach is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hoke County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 62 at the 2000 census.
Contents
1Geography
2Demographics
3References
4External links
Geography
Dundarrach is located at 34°55?12?N79°9?34?W? / ?34.92°N 79.15944°W? / 34.92; -79.15944 (34.920124, -79.159371).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.0 km²), all of it land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 62 people, 25 households, and 19 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 39.7 people per square mile (15.3/km²). There were 31 housing units at an average density of 19.8/sq mi (7.7/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 69.35% White, 11.29% African American and 19.35% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.68% of the population.
There were 25 households out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 28.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.0% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.74.
In the CDP the population was spread out with 22.6% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 35.5% from 25 to 44, 16.1% from 45 to 64, and 21.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $4,659, and the median income for a family was $16,250. Males had a median income of $0 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $6,975. There were no families and 39.3% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 57.9% of those over 64.
References
^ ab“American FactFinder”. United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
^“US Board on Geographic Names”. United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
^“US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990″. United States Census Bureau. 2005-05-03. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
External links
Dundarrach, North Carolina is at coordinates 34°55?12?N79°09?34?W? / ?34.920124°N 79.159371°W? / 34.920124; -79.159371? (Dundarrach, North Carolina)Coordinates: 34°55?12?N79°09?34?W? / ?34.920124°N 79.159371°W? / 34.920124; -79.159371? (Dundarrach, North Carolina)
v•d•e
Municipalities and communities of
Hoke County, North Carolina
County seat: Raeford
City
Raeford
Town
Red Springs‡
CDPs
Ashley Heights |Bowmore |Dundarrach |Five Points |Rockfish |Silver City
Military base
Fort Bragg
Footnotes
‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dundarrach,_North_Carolina”
Categories: Hoke County, North Carolina | Census-designated places in North Carolina | Fayetteville, North Carolina metropolitan areaHidden categories: Infobox Settlement US maintenance | Geolinks maintenance
Hearing: October 5-8, 1948
Judgment: December 14, 1948
Full case name:
Reference as to the Validity of Section 5(A) of the Dairy Industry Act
Citations:
S.C.R. 1
Court membership
Chief Justice: Thibaudeau Rinfret Puisne Justices: Patrick Kerwin, Robert Taschereau, Ivan Rand, Roy Kellock, James Wilfred Estey, Charles Holland Locke
Reasons given
Majority by: Rand J. Concurrence by: Tascherau J. Concurrence by: Kellock J. Concurrence by: Locke J. Dissent by: Kerwin J. Joined by: Kerwin J.
Reference re Validity of Section 5(a) of the Dairy Industry Act (1949), also known as the Margarine Reference or as Can. Federation of Agriculture v. A.-G. Que., is a leading opinion of the Supreme Court of Canada on determining if a law is within the authority of the federal government under the Parliament’s powers to legislate criminal law. In this particular case, the Court found that a regulation made by Parliament was ultra vires. It contained sufficient punitive sanctions; however, the subject matter was not the kind that served a public purpose.
At this time, the Supreme Court of Canada was not the supreme authority on Canadian law. However, the decision, by Rand J., was upheld by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) in 1951. The case has been cited in federalism disputes many times since.
Contents
1Background
2Decision
3See also
4References
5External links
Background
Under section 91(27) of the Constitution Act, 1867 (or, at the time of this case, the British North America Act, 1867), Parliament receives exclusive powers to legislate in regard to the criminal law. The precise meaning of the criminal law power, however, had proved controversial. In Board of Commerce (1922), the JCPC seemingly chose to define criminal law power as limited to prohibiting only what was criminal in 1867, the year of Canadian Confederation. This was overturned in Proprietary Articles Trade Assn. v. A.-G. Can. (1931), in which it was found criminal law means Parliament could legitimately prohibit any act “with penal consequences.” The problem with the latter decision was that it gave Parliament an excuse to legislate in regard to many matters.
The matter came before the courts again with the Margarine Reference, and a compromise was attempted. In this case, Parliament had legislated against the production and trade of margarine, in order to give dairy businesses assurances that margarine would not threaten their existence. This legislation actually dated back to 1886, and it was claimed in the law that the real purpose was to target a product that was “injurious to health.” While this, if true, would have made margarine a fair target for criminal law, the federal government admitted before the courts that this assessment was simply false.
Decision
Justice Rand, for the Majority, struck down the prohibition on production of margarine on the grounds that it was not valid criminal law, the prohibition on importation of margarine, however, was upheld under the federal Trade and Commerce power.
Rand outlined a test to determine if a law falls under the criminal law.
From this, two requirements must be met for a law to be criminal in nature.
the law must be a prohibition with a penal sanction; and
the law must be directed towards a public purpose.
Rand also listed a few objectives that would qualify as legitimate public purposes, namely “Public peace, order, security, health, morality.”
The JCPC, in upholding Rand’s decision, agreed that in pith and substance, the law was primarily related to property and civil rights, a provincial power.
See also
List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Richards Court through Fauteux Court)
References
^ abcd Hogg, Peter W. Constitutional Law of Canada. 2003 Student Ed. (Scarborough, Ontario: Thomson Canada Limited, 2003), p. 462.
^ Hogg, p. 463.
^ abc Hogg, 465.
External links
Full text of Supreme Court of Canada decision from canlii.org and lexum
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarine_Reference”
Categories: Supreme Court of Canada cases | Canadian federalism case law | Judicial Committee of the Privy Council cases | 1949 in law | 1949 in Canada
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This page was last modified on 22 November 2008 at 20:04.
