Prince of Nothing

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The Prince of Nothing is a series of three fantasy novels by the Canadian author R. Scott Bakker, first published in 2004, part of a wider series known as “The Second Apocalypse”. This trilogy details the emergence of Anasûrimbor Kellhus, a brilliant monastic warrior, as he takes control of a holy war and the hearts and minds of its leaders. Kellhus exhibits incredible powers of prediction and persuasion, which are derived from deep knowledge of rationality, cognitive biases, and causality, as discovered by the Dûnyain, a secret monastic sect. As Kellhus goes from military leader to divine prophet, Drusas Achamian, the sorcerer who mentored Kellhus, comes to realize that his student may well be the harbinger of the Second Apocalypse.

The key feature distinguishing the Prince of Nothing series from its contemporaries is the importance of philosophy to the work. The plot, characters, setting, and metaphysics of the Prince of Nothing are intertwined with philosophical positions unique to the series.

Bakker has mentioned that this series was primarily influenced by the works of Tolkien and Frank Herbert.

Contents 1 Novels 2 Background 3 Characters 4 Magic and the Schools 4.1 Gnostic Schools 4.2 Anagogic Schools 4.3 Other types 5 Religion 5.1 Inrithism 5.2 The Zaudunyani 5.3 Fanimry 6 Historical influences 7 The Aspect-Emperor 8 References 9 External links

Novels

• The Darkness That Comes Before (2004)
• The Warrior Prophet (2005)
• The Thousandfold Thought (2006)

Background

The Prince of Nothing series takes place in the fictional continent of Eärwa, which is separated from another continent to the east (mentioned but unseen), called Eänna. The main inhabitants of Eärwa are human, but were preceded by the Nonmen (or Cûnuroi), immortal beings who went mad with the accumulation of centuries of memory, and the Inchoroi, alien beings who crash-landed in northern Eärwa. These creatures’ machinations led both to the downfall of the Nonmen and, with the aid of a group of human sorcerers known as the Consult, the summoning of Mog-Pharau, the No-God. This event, known as the First Apocalypse, caused the collapse of most of human civilization, but was stopped by the efforts of the sorcerer Seswatha and Anasûrimbor Celmomas, the last of a line of royalty. Society was eventually rebuilt after this event, which became more legend than history. Nonetheless, the Consult still endeavored to bring back the No-God and finish the plan they had begun thousands of years before.

The action of the series is confined to the Three Seas area, home of multiple human nations, ethnicities, and religions. The first novel opens with the start of a Holy War, pitting the Inrithi kingdoms and the Thousand Temples against the “heathen” Fanim, followers of a prophet who broke from Inrithism hundreds of years previously. The goal of the war is to retake Shimeh, a city venerated by both faiths, although as the war progresses its goal is subtly warped from the inside by the machinations of Anasûrimbor Kellhus.

Characters

The novels follow the point of view of several characters on the Inrithi side of the Holy War. Most of the characters are of the Ketyai ethnicity, common to the western and eastern Three Seas. Characters’ surnames precede their given names, like the order commonly used in Hungary, China, and Japan.

• Drusas Achamian is a member of the Mandate School, who joins the Holy War by order of his superiors. There, he meets and teaches Anasûrimbor Kellhus in secret, while slowly discovering his place in the coming Second Apocalypse. Achamian also meets his old students Nersei Proyas, Prince of Conriya, and Krijates Xinemus, the Marshal of Attrempus.

• Esmenet is a whore in the city of Sumna, and is Achamian’s lover. She follows him into the Holy War and falls under the influence of Kellhus along with Achamian.

• Anasûrimbor Kellhus is the mysterious Dûnyain warrior whose power over those around him brings him control of the Holy War and its people. He was sent by his sect to find his father, Anasûrimbor Moënghus, who lives in the city of Shimeh, the Holy War’s destination.

• Cnaiür urs Skiötha is a Scylvendi barbarian chieftain of the Utemot tribe, whose relationship with Moënghus 30 years previously makes him the only character with knowledge of the Dûnyain. He is also the first to meet Kellhus, and accompanies him to Momemn to join the Holy War.

• Sërwe is a slave claimed by Cnaiür as a prize, and who is used by Kellhus to control Cnaiür.

• Ikurei Conphas is a prideful Nansur general and nephew to that nation’s Emperor. His victories over the Scylvendi make him the foremost choice for leader of the Holy War, before Cnaiür takes that position from him.

• Anasûrimbor Moënghus is Kellhus’ father, and left the Dûnyain 30 years before the series begins. He joined the Cishaurim under the name of Mallahet, and learned the Psûkhe under their tutelage.

Magic and the Schools

Magic in the Prince of Nothing is the use of the castor’s will to influence the world, often contrary to the plans of the gods. Thus, magic is viewed as sacrilegious by the Thousand Temples, and is condemned in the Inrithi nations. Sorcerous Schools arose in response to this pressure, creating powerful political and military forces apart from the religious order.

The human population of Eärwa is not all able to use magic. Rather, that ability is confined to the Few, a small subset of people. Additionally, the various Schools of magic only allow male practitioners, further dwindling the number of possible sorcerers. Even so, those who choose to study magic are granted large amounts of power, balanced by a lack of religious acceptance and a vulnerability to chorae, small spherical antimagic talismans.

There are two main types of magic used in the northern Three Seas: Gnostic and Anagogic. While Gnostic magic is largely forgotten (being the dominant art of the Ancient North, destroyed during the First Apocalypse), Anagogic magic is more widely studied among multiple schools.

Gnostic Schools

• The Mandate is a School founded by Seswatha after the First Apocalypse to fight against the return of Mog-Pharau. Members of the Mandate undergo a ritual that allows them to relive Seswatha’s experiences each night as they dream, so that they never forget the horrors of the Apocalypse. The Quorum is the ruling body of the Mandate School, which is headed by Nautzera.

• The Mangaecca, or the Consult (as it was later known), is the School that first came in contact with the Inchoroi, leading them to adopt those beings’ immoral ways, along with the powerful art of Tekne (essentially genetic engineering).

Anagogic Schools

• The Scarlet Spires is the most powerful School in the Three Seas. It controls much of the politics of High Ainon, an eastern Ketyai nation. It also has attempted to steal the secrets of Gnostic magic from the Mandate, using kidnapping and torture. Eleäzaras is the Grandmaster of the Scarlet Spires during the series.

• The Imperial Saik is a School indentured to the Emperor of Nansur, and serves the interests of the Nansur Empire, which has been most directly in conflict with the Kianene Fanim. Cememketri is the Grandmaster of this school.

• The Mysunsai is the self-proclaimed “Mercenary School”. Instead of serving some political power, it sells its services to any who will purchase its service.

Other types

• The Psûkhe is the magic of the Cishaurim, the blind sorcerer-priests of the Fanim. Their magic is seemingly separate from the Gnostic and Anagogic types, as it cannot be perceived by the Few. This seemingly indicates that the magic is in accord with the gods’ (or in the case of the Fanim, God’s) wishes, as sorcery is usually identified by the harmful mark it makes upon Creation.

• The Daimos is magic used to summon creatures from the Outside, such as the demonic Ciphrang, by binding those beings to the caster’s soul. Iyokus, Master of Spies of the Scarlet Spires, is the only Daimotic caster introduced in the series.

Religion

Religion plays an important part in the politics and daily life of residents of the Three Seas. The Holy War, the driving force behind the plot of the Prince of Nothing series, is an explicitly religious conflict between the Inrithi and the Fanim, the two main religious orders of the region.

Inrithism

The Inrithi religion was founded on the revelation of the Latter Prophet, Inri Sejenus. Analogous to Christianity (INRI is an acronym found on many crucifixes), this religion is a mixture of polytheistic and monotheistic elements. The polytheistic portion is derived from the ancient Cults, which are devoted each to a different god. The central text of Inrithism is the Tusk, an enormous carved tusk covered in Sejenus’ writings, which provides the fusion of the individual gods of the Cults into Aspects of one God.

The Thousand Temples are the ecclesiastical body that represents Inrithism, which is headed by the Shriah, a figure like the Catholic Church’s Pope. The Shriah also is in charge of the Shrial Knights, a monastic military order which are like a religious Praetorian Guard. The Thousand Temples are based in Summa, where the Holy War (and first book of the series) begins.

At the time of the series, Maithanet is the Shriah, and Incheiri Gotian is the Grandmaster of the Shrial Knights.

The Zaudunyani

During The Warrior Prophet and The Thousandfold Thought, Kellhus creates a branch of Inrithism based around his own actions and prophecy. Its symbol is the Circumfix, the apparatus used to torture Kellhus (an obvious parallel to the crucifix). The name comes from the fact that adherents are part of Kellhus’ “tribe of truth”, and followers of the Dûnyain teachings.

Fanimry

Based on the teachings of the Prophet Fane, Fanimry is solely monotheistic and rejects the polytheistic elements of Inrithism, as well as the holiness of the Tusk. This puts it in direct conflict with the Thousand Temples. The only nation of the Three Seas that accepts Fanimry is Kian, in the southwest of the region. Additionally, Fanimry disagrees on the acceptance of magic and sorcerers—in this case the Psûkhe, the magic cast by the Cishaurim.

The Fanim appear analogously to Muslims, as they are desert-dwelling monotheists in conflict with an older related faith. Bakker also uses Islamic terms when describing the Fanim, such as their “White Jihad”, a war against the Nansur Empire to the north of Kian. Also, Fanimry has a prohibition against representations of the God, akin to hadith prohibitions against depictions of Muhammad and other rules against idolatry.

Historical influences

R. Scott Bakker drew upon many cultures as inspiration—notably Hellenistic Greece, Scythia, the Byzantine Empire, and other European and Middle Eastern cultures—for the Three Seas region of Eärwa.

The setting is large and sweeping, with obvious parallels to the time period of the First Crusade. Some clear references to actual historical events include the Vulgar Holy War (a parallel of the People’s Crusade) and the Emperor’s Indenture (a parallel of the oaths of homage extracted from the crusaders by Byzantine Emperor Alexius I) .

The Aspect-Emperor

The Second Apocalypse series is continued in the Aspect-Emperor trilogy, which describes events taking place 20 years after the conclusion of Prince of Nothing. The first book of the series is The Judging Eye, and was first published in 2009.

References

1. ^ R. Scott Bakker Interview
2. ^ Interview with R. Scott Bakker (2004-07-18)

• A Conversation With R. Scott Bakker An interview with Victoria Strauss, September 2004.

External links

• The Three Seas Forum - a forum used to discuss the series
• The Prince of Nothing Wiki with an extensive Timeline

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_of_Nothing”
Categories: Prince of Nothing | Fantasy novel series

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St Columb Major

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Coordinates: 50°25?55?N 4°56?24?W? / ?50.432°N 4.940°W? / 50.432; -4.940

St Columb Major
Cornish: Sen Kolomm Veur
Arms of St. Columb with town motto
St Columb Major  St Columb Major shown within Cornwall
Population	3,984 (2001 Census)
OS grid reference	SW912633
Parish	St Columb
Unitary authority	Cornwall
Ceremonial county	Cornwall
Region	South West
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	ST. COLUMB
Postcode district	TR9
Dialling code	01637
Police	Devon and Cornwall
Fire	Cornwall
Ambulance	South Western
EU Parliament	South West England
List of places: UK • England • Cornwall

St Columb Major (Cornish: Sen Kolomm Veur), often simply called St Columb, is a town in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, to the south west of Wadebridge and east of Newquay. It has a large church dedicated to St. Columba featuring a four-tier tower and a wide through-arch.

Twice a year the town plays host to “hurling”, a medieval game once common throughout Cornwall but now only played in St. Columb and St. Ives. It is played on Shrove Tuesday and then again on the Saturday eleven days later. The game involves two teams of several hundred people (the ‘townsmen’ and the ‘countrymen’) who endeavour to carry a silver ball made of apple wood to goals set two miles (3 km) apart, making the parish the largest pitch for a ball game anywhere in the world.

Contents 1 History and antiquities 1.1 Bronze and Iron Ages 1.2 Middle Ages and early modern period 1.3 Twentieth century 2 Geography 2.1 Town 2.2 Rivers 2.3 Settlements 2.4 Transport 3 Architecture 4 Church 4.1 Notable features 4.2 St Columba’s Well 5 In literature 6 Notable residents 7 St Columb Town emblem 8 Amenities, large employers and tourist attractions 8.1 Main employers 8.2 Amenities 8.3 Tourist attractions 9 See also 10 References 11 External links

History and antiquities

Bronze and Iron Ages

Monuments that date from this period include: Castle an Dinas, an Iron Age hillfort.; the Nine Maidens stone row, the largest row of standing stones in Cornwall; the Devil’s Quoit (sometimes recorded as King Arthur’s Quoit); and King Arthur’s Stone (this long lost stone is said to be not far from the Devil’s Quoit near St. Columb, on the edge of the Goss moor). It was a large stone with four deeply-impressed horseshoe marks. Legend has it that the marks were made by the horse upon which Arthur rode when he resided at Castle An Dinas and hunted on the moors.

Middle Ages and early modern period

In 1333 Edward III granted a market in St Columb Major to Sir John Arundell. This was as a reward for supplying troops to fight the Scottish at the Battle of Halidon Hill near Berwick-on-Tweed.

Following the Prayer Book Rebellion of 1549, William Mayow the Mayor of St. Columb was hanged by Provost Marshal, Anthony Kingston outside a tavern in St Columb as a punishment leading an uprising in Cornwall. The link between the Cornish language and Catholicism was also exhibited in the activities of John Kennall, at St Columb, where he was still holding Mass as late as 1590.

In 1645 during the English Civil War, Sir Thomas Fairfax’s troops were advancing from Bodmin towards Truro; on the 7th of March the army held a rendezvous, and halted one night, four miles (6 km) beyond Bodmin. The King’s forces were quartered at this time near St. Columb, where a smart skirmish took place between the Prince’s regiment and a detachment of the Parliamentary army under Colonel Rich, in which the latter was victorious.

In the year 1676, the greatest part of this church of St. Columb was casually blown up with gunpowder by three youths of the town.

Twentieth century

Royal visits were made to St Columb in 1909, 1977 and 1983. On June 9, 1909 the town was visited by the Prince of Wales (George V) and his wife, the Princess of Wales (Mary of Teck). The visit was to open the Royal Cornwall Agricultural Show. The Prince gave 2 silver cups: one for the best bull and another for the best horse. In August 1977 The Queen and Prince Philip visited the town during their Silver Jubilee tour of Cornwall. On May 27, 1983: The town was visited by the Prince and Princess of Wales (Charles and Diana). The visit was to commemorate the 650th anniversary of the signing of the town charter by Edward III. A plaque commemorates this visit outside the Conservative club in Union Square.

In 1992 Australian stuntman Matt Coulter aka The Kangaroo Kid set the record for the longest jump with a crash on a quad bike at Retallack Adventure Park, St Columb Major.

Geography

Castle an Dinas, as viewed from St Columb Major

St. Columb Major as viewed from Castle an Dinas

St Columb is situated in mid-Cornwall, about 5 miles (8 km) inland from the North Coast.

The parish covers an area of 12,884 acres (52.14 km²) or 20.1 square miles (52 km²) . Its highest point, at 709 ft (216m), is Castle an Dinas, the site of an iron-age hill fort about 2 miles (3.2 km) east of St Columb. Much of the land in the parish is used for farming (both arable and pastoral), with small areas of woodland. There is also some moorland in the generally slightly higher northern and eastern parts of the parish, notably part of the Goss Moor in the southeast, Castle Downs below Castle an Dinas (east) and an area of moorland adjoining Rosenannon Downs (northeast). The Vale of Lanherne, the valley of the River Menalhyl (see below) is famed for its beauty and occupies the area to the west of the town, connecting St Columb and St Mawgan churchtown.

Town

St Columb occupies a plateau at about 300 ft (90m) elevation. The north part of the town (known as ‘Bridge’) descends in to the Vale of Lanherne, having a minimum elevation of approximately 165 ft (50m). It was originally a linear settlement built on the main road running north-east to south-west, but modern estates have since been built, extending the town to the south and east. In the older part of the settlement there is much high-density housing with relatively narrow streets, and a number of retail outlets and public houses; the more modern estates are generally of a more low-denisty nature. To the south there is an industrial estate.

Rivers

A number of small rivers and streams flow through St Columb parish, most rising in the eastern part and flowing west. One of the sources of the River Fal lies just within the boundary on the Goss Moor; this flows southwest to the South Coast. The River Menalhyl, which flows through the north part of St Columb (Bridge), has three branches with a confluence at Gilbert’s Water, just to the east of the town. The longest of these rises next to the Nine Maidens standing stones in the north part of the parish. The Menalhyl was historically important in the area, powering a number of mills along its course. A smaller river rises near Winnard’s Perch (north of Talskiddy), later joining the Menalhyl near its mouth at Mawgan Porth. The other main river of the parish is the un-named one (often called the River Porth) that rises to the east of Ruthvoes, and that in its latter course fills the Porth Reservoir and enters the sea at St Columb Porth. This is the river that, according to legend, was begun by the blood of the murdered Saint Columba running down the valley.

Settlements

Besides the town, there are numerous villages and hamlets in the parish, including Talskiddy and Gluvian (at 50°26?36?N 4°56?12?W? / ?50.44333°N 4.93667°W? / 50.44333; -4.93667) in the north, Ruthvoes (southeast), Trebudannon (south), Tregaswith (southwest), Tregatillian (east) and a large number of smaller farming settlements and isolated dwellings.

Transport

The A39 main road runs north to south through the parish. Until the late 1970s it went through the town, but a bypass was at that point built to the east of St. Columb. The A30 dual carriageway also runs through the southeastern part of the parish, over the Goss Moor. The Par-Newquay railway line does not enter St Columb parish but forms part of its southern boundary. A small part of the parish is occupied by a corner of Newquay Airport, which is Cornwall’s principal civil airport.

Architecture

The older part of the town follows a linear layout along Fair Street and Fore Street. Many houses on the narrow main street are slate hung. Cornish architect Silvanus Trevail designed Lloyds Bank, The school. Private houses by Trevail include Ashleigh house (1896) and Treventon house (1897). There are some good examples of architect William White’s work including Bank House (circa 1857), Rosemellyn House (1871) Penmellyn House and the Old rectory.. The Retreat was formerly St Columb Workhouse and was designed by George Gilbert Scott. In recent years there has been a surge of high quality new buildings on the edges of the town, including Jenner Parc and Arundell Parc. Other buildings of note include Barclays Bank, the Red Lion public house, Bond House, Hawkes shop and the town hall. The oldest house in St Columb is the Glebe house near the church which is now a tea room.

St Columb Buildings

St Columb Church from an old etching (before 1845)   Glebe-houses from an old etching (mostly demolished now)   Trewan Hall   Glebe House   St Columb Church   The Red Lion Pub   Barclays Bank   Saint Columba’s Cross in the churchyard   St Columba’s Cross

Church

The church is dedicated to St Columba a local saint: her well is at Ruthvoes. For most of the Middle Ages the church belonged to the Arundells of Lanherne and was lavishly endowed. Within the church were two chantry chapels served by six priests altogether (five for the Arundell chantry). The tower is a fine example of a fifteenth-century building, consisting of four stages with battlements and pinnacles. It is 80 feet (24 m) high and contains eight bells re-hung in 1950. In 1920 the chiming clock was added as a memorial to the men of St. Columb who died in the Great War. In 1860 plans were drawn up by William Butterfield, in hope of St. Columb church becoming the cathedral of the future diocese of Cornwall, but the cathedral was built at Truro.

Notable features

Stained glass window at St. Columb Major church (detail)

Some of the more interesting items are some fine brasses, including Sir John Arundell (died 1545, perhaps not buried here; Sir John Arundell, 1591, and his wife (died 1602, brass engraved 1635); John Arundell and his wife, 1633 (on the same stone). There is also fine wooden screen by the architect George Fellowes Prynne “St Columb screen”. http://www.gfp.sharville.org.uk/screens.htm#Screen%20at%20St.%20Columb%20Major.  and some exceptional oak benchends, dating as far back as 1510. The fine organ is by Bryceston Bros. & Ellis of London and a “Letter of Thanks” to the Cornish people sent by Charles I in 1643 is found in many Cornish churches. There are also two sculptures by the artist Allan G Wyon and a stained glass window portraying St Columba the Virgin. In the churchyard is St Columba’s Cross (illustrated above).

St Columba’s Well

50°24?22?N 4°54?29?W? / ?50.406°N 4.908°W? / 50.406; -4.908 The holy well dedicated to Saint Columba is situated in the small hamlet of Ruthvoes, about 2 miles from the town. According to legend, she was beheaded here. The hamlet is near to the A30 dual carriageway and the Par to Newquay railway line.

In literature

• St Columb features several times in the 1961 novel Castle Dor, by Daphne du Maurier (with Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch.) In particular it mentions the parish church, Castle An Dinas, The Red Lion Inn and Tresaddern Farm.

• The fictional character named Alfred John Trewhella (from St Columb) features in Kangaroo a novel by D. H. Lawrence, first published in 1923. It is set in Australia and is an account of a visit to New South Wales by an English writer named Richard Lovat Somers, and his German wife Harriet, in the early 1920s. This appears to be semi-autobiographical, based on a three-month visit to Australia by Lawrence and his wife Frieda, in 1922. The novel includes a chapter describing the couple’s experiences in wartime Cornwall, vivid descriptions of the Australian landscape, and Richard Somers’s sceptical reflections on fringe politics in Sydney.

Notable residents

• Ralph Allen (1693 - 1764) As a teenager he worked at St Columb Post Office. He moved to Bath in 1710 where he became a clerk in the Bath Post Office, and at the age of 19, in 1712, he became the Post Master of Bath.
• Wilfred Theodore Blake (1894 - 1968) Was a pioneer aviator, author and traveller.The man who led the first attempt to fly round the world in 1922. The pilot for this mission was Norman MacMillan. The aircraft was a de Havilland DH9A bought from the Royal Air Force. His ambitious round-the-world trip was cancelled after the first stage of the flight after it came to grief in Calcutta.
• Richard Bullock (1847 - 1921) A legendary figure of the Wild West Cowboy era. His quick-shooting deeds working on the Deadwood stage gained him the nickname “Deadwood Dick”.
• Jack Crapp (1912 - 1981) Played in the English cricket team on tour in the winter of 1948-49
• Robin Harvey, Left handed cricketer, Captain of Cornwall Cricket team
• Edward Hamley (baptised 1764, died 1834) clergyman and poet.
• Henry Jenner (1848 - 1934) Regarded as the father of the Cornish language revival. Celtic scholar, Cornish cultural activist, and the chief originator of the Cornish language revival.
• Cyril Bencraft Joly (1918 - 2000) Author and Desert Rat Army veteran.
• John Kennall, Rector of St Columb, Cornish scholar
• Stephen Robert Nockolds, FRS and winner of the Murchison Medal, was born here.
• James Paynter a leader of the 1715 Jacobite rebellion who declared the Old Pretender in St Columb town square.
• James Polkinghorne Champion Cornish wrestler.
• Matthew Smith (1879–1959), British artist/painter, lived here in the autumn and winter of 1920
• John Nichols Thom the Cornish self-declared Messiah who in the 19th century led the last battle to be fought on English soil.
• Dick Twinney A Renowned British illustrator and wildlife artist.

St Columb Town emblem

Town emblem

The town emblem consists of a hand holding a silver hurling ball with the motto “Town and Country do your best”. The design originally appeared on medals awarded to winners of the hurling game and were first awarded in the 1930s. Later the design was adopted by the town council as a symbol of civic pride. The emblem appears on the mayoral chains and it is used on the uniform of St Columb School. Roadsigns at each end of the town also bear the design.

Amenities, large employers and tourist attractions

Main employers

• Pall Corporation - Filtration and separation technology. Currently employs 300 people at St Columb.
• Mole Valley Farmers - agricultural supplies and equipment.
• St Austell Breweries has a distribution centre here (opened 2009).
• Infoteam International Services Ltd.
• Worlds Apart - designs, develops, manufactures and distributes children’s lifestyle products around the world.

Amenities

Five pubs (The Ring O’ Bells, The Coaching Inn, The Liberal Club, The Red Lion and The Silver Ball) Chinese takeaway (Sun House) Fish and chip shops (Westlakes and the Chippy) Mini-mart Co-op A Post Office St Columb Doctor’s surgery Penmellyn veterinary surgery Primary school (St Columb Major County Primary) St Columb Library (with internet facilities) One garage - Teagles (MOTs and repairs, no petrol) Petrol station (Westways is just outside the town) Antique shop (Stiltkin & Walrus Antiques)

Tea-room (Glebe house) Pharmacy (Boots Chemists) Two butchers (Morris and Ellery’s) Fire station Police station Agricultural store - (Mole Valley Farmers) - does clothes, DIY, gardening and building materials. Ironmonger and builders store (Glanvilles) Two estate agents (Donald Weekes and Clarkes) Two banks (Lloyds and Barclays) Florist (Ginny’s Flowers) Printer (Edyvean’s) Surf warehouse (Ann’s Cottage) - wetsuits and surf gear.

Tourist attractions

• Cornish Birds of Prey Centre
• Cornwall’s Crealy Park
• Screech owl sanctuary
• Springfields Fun Park

See also

• St. Columb Minor
• POW Camp 115, Whitecross, St. Columb Major
• St. Columb Road
• Bulldog Class locomotive was named St. Columb
• List of topics related to Cornwall

References

1. ^ Neighbourhood Statistics
2. ^ “A Gazetteer of Arthurian Topographic Folklore”. http://www.arthuriana.co.uk/concepts/folkgazt.htm. Retrieved 2006-03-07. 
3. ^ “The Modern Antiquarian site#627″. http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/627. Retrieved 2006-09-24. 
4. ^ “The Modern Antiquarian site#644″. http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/644. Retrieved 2006-09-24. 
5. ^ Redding, Cyrus (1842). An illustrated itinerary of the county of Cornwall. How & Parsons. p. 47. http://www.google.co.uk/books?id=gs8HAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA7&dq=pendarves+st+columb#PPA47,M1. Retrieved september 4, 2007. 
6. ^ Payton, Philip (1996) Cornwall. Fowey: Alexander Associates
7. ^ Payton, Philip, Cornwall: a history. ISBN 1904880053; p. 126
8. ^ From: ‘General history: Historical events’, Magna Britannia: volume 3: Cornwall (1814), pp. X-XXIV. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=50607. Date accessed: 21 August 2007.
9. ^ Gilbert, Davies The Parochial History of Cornwall
10. ^ . The Times, Thursday, June 10, 1909; pg. 9; Issue 38982
11. ^ . The Times, Saturday, May 28, 1983; pg. 10; Issue 61544
12. ^ Crashing Records
13. ^ GENUKI: St Columb Major
14. ^ Bank House on the Images of England website
15. ^ Rosemellyn House on the Images of England website
16. ^ Penmellyn House on the Images of England website
17. ^ http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=71209
18. ^ http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=71340&mode=quick
19. ^ http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/Cornwall/StColumbMajor/
20. ^ http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=71234&mode=quick
21. ^ http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=71239&mode=quick
22. ^ http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=71240&mode=quick
23. ^ http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=71243&mode=quick
24. ^ Cornish Church Guide (1925) Truro: Blackford; pp. 50, 74-76
25. ^ The Gentleman’s Magazine, 1860, p. 147
26. ^ Dunkin, E. (1882) Monumental Brasses. London, Spottiswoode; pp. 27-31, 75-82, pl. XXVII, LVI, LVII
27. ^ “St Columba Holy Well, Ruthvoes”. http://www.daverobe.hostrocket.com/stcolumba.html. Retrieved 2006-09-25. 
28. ^ Castle Dor at DuMaurier.org
29. ^ Art 4 2-day item on Smith

External links

• St Columb at the Open Directory Project
• St Columb community web site
• St. Columb Old Cornwall Society
• St. Columb Major Church
• St. Columb Major School website
• St Columb Major Roll of Honour 1914-18 and 1939-45
• Cornwall Record Office Online Catalogue for St Columb Major

v • d • e Civil Parishes of the former Restormel Borough Cornwall Colan • Crantock • Fowey • Grampound with Creed • Lanlivery • Lostwithiel • Luxulyan • Mawgan-in-Pydar • Mevagissey • Newquay • Roche • St Austell • St Blaise • St Columb Major • St Dennis • St Enoder • St Ewe • St Goran • St Mewan • St Michael Caerhays • St Sampson • St Stephen-in-Brannel • St Wenn • Treverbyn • Tywardreath and Par

v • d • e Geography of Cornwall Cornwall Portal Unitary authorities Isles of Scilly • Cornwall Council Major settlements Bodmin • Bude • Camborne • Falmouth • Hayle • Helston • Launceston • Liskeard • Newquay • Penzance • Redruth • Saltash • St Austell • St Ives • Truro • Wadebridge See also: List of civil parishes in Cornwall Rivers Camel • Cober • Fal • Fowey • Gannel • Gover • Hayle • Helford • Inny • Looe • Lynher • Menalhyl • Par • Pont • Port Navas • Red • Allen • St Austell • Tamar • Tiddy • Truro • Valency Topics History • Status debate • Flag • Culture • Places • People • The Duchy • Diocese • Politics • Hundreds/shires  • full list…

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Columb_Major”
Categories: Civil parishes in Restormel | Towns in CornwallHidden categories: Articles containing Cornish language text

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Ochre-rumped Antbird

  (Redirected from Drymophila ochropyga)
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Ochre-rumped Antbird
Conservation status
Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Thamnophilidae
Genus:	Drymophila
Species:	D. ochropyga
Binomial name
Drymophila ochropyga (Hellmayr, 1906)

The Ochre-rumped Antbird (Drymophila ochropyga) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family. It is endemic to Brazil.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is becoming rare due to habitat loss.

References

• BirdLife International 2004. Drymophila ochropyga. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 25 July 2007.

This article about an antbird is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochre-rumped_Antbird”
Categories: IUCN Red List near threatened species | Thamnophilidae stubs | Drymophila | Fauna of Brazil

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Pustelnik

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Pustelnik may refer to the following places in Poland:

• Pustelnik, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
• Pustelnik, Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
• Pustelnik, ?ód? Voivodeship (central Poland)
• Pustelnik, Mi?sk County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
• Pustelnik, Soko?ów County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)

This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pustelnik”
Categories: Place name disambiguation pagesHidden categories: All article disambiguation pages | All disambiguation pages

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Attack on Mers-el-Kébir

  (Redirected from Battle of Mers El-Kebir)
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Attack on Mers-el-Kebir Part of the Mediterranean Theatre of World War II Battleship Strasbourg under fire. Date 3 July 1940 Location off Mers-el-Kébir, French Algeria, North Africa Result Disabling of the French fleet Belligerents United Kingdom France Commanders Sir James Somerville Marcel-Bruno Gensoul Strength 1 aircraft carrier, 2 battleships, 1 battlecruiser, 2 light cruisers, 11 destroyers, unknown aircraft 4 battleships, 6 destroyers, 1 seaplane Casualties and losses 6 aircraft destroyed, 6 dead 1 battleship sunk, 2 battleships heavily damaged, 3 destroyers damaged, 1 destroyer grounded, 1,297 killed, unknown wounded

v • d • e Battle of the Mediterranean Espero¹² – Mers-el-Kébir – Calabria¹² – Spada – Cape Passero¹ – Taranto – Strait of Otranto² – White¹ – Spartivento¹ – Excess¹ – Abstention – Souda Bay – Matapan – Tarigo² – Crete – Substance¹ – Halberd¹ – Duisburg² – Bon² – 1st Sirte¹² – Alexandria raid – 2nd Sirte¹ – Harpoon¹ – Vigorous¹ – Pedestal¹ – Agreement – Torch – Stone Age¹ – Toulon – Skerki² – Algiers¹ – Cigno² – Sicily – Olterra’s campaign¹ – Sinking of Roma ¹ - Involved an Allied convoy • ² - Involved an Axis convoy Mediterranean U-boat Campaign (World War II) v • d • e North African Campaign Western Desert Campaign – Mers-el-Kébir – Torch – Casablanca – Tunisia

The Attack on Mers-el-Kébir, part of Operation Catapult and also known as the Battle of Mers-el-Kébir, was an engagement off the coast of French Algeria on 3 July 1940. A British Royal Navy task force attacked and destroyed much of the French fleet, killing 1,297. France and Britain were not at war, but France had signed an armistice with Germany, and Britain feared the French fleet would end up as a part of the German Navy. Although French Admiral Darlan had given Winston Churchill assurances that the fleet would not fall into German hands, the British acted upon the assumption that Darlan’s promises were insufficient guarantees. The attack demonstrated to the world, and to the United States in particular, Britain’s determination to continue the war with Germany.

Contents 1 Events 1.1 Background 1.2 Ultimatum 1.3 The attack 1.4 Aftermath 2 Casualties 3 Orders of Battle 3.1 Royal Navy Order of Battle 3.2 French Navy (Marine Nationale) Order of Battle 4 See also 5 Notes 5.1 Sources 6 External links

Events

Background

In 1940, during World War II, following the armistice between France and Nazi Germany, the United Kingdom became concerned about the transfer of the French fleet to Germany. A larger German fleet meant that the balance of power at sea might tip in Germany’s favour rather than Britain’s, thus changing Britain’s ability to receive raw materials from across the Atlantic and its colonies. The British government feared the Germans could take control of the ships, despite Article 8 paragraph 2 of the Armistice terms, by which the German government “solemnly and firmly declared that it had no intention of making demands regarding the French fleet during the peace negotiations” and similar terms in the armistice with Italy. Furthermore, on 24 June, Admiral Darlan had personally given assurances to Churchill against such a possibility (indeed, a later German attempt resulted in the French fleet scuttling itself in Toulon in 1942 rather than allow German control of the fleet). It also emerged later that Hitler did not have the intention or the means to do so. Winston Churchill ordered that the French Navy (Marine Nationale) should either join forces with the British Royal Navy or be neutralised in some way to prevent the ships from falling into German or Italian hands.

The French fleet was widely dispersed. Some vessels were in port in France; others had escaped from France to British-controlled ports, mainly in Britain itself and Alexandria, Egypt. Operation Catapult was to take the French ships into British control, or destroy them if that was not possible. In the first stage, the French ships in the British ports of Plymouth and Portsmouth were simply boarded on the night of 3 July 1940. On the then-largest submarine in the world, the Surcouf, which had sought refuge in Portsmouth in June 1940 following the German invasion of France, the crew resisted; two British officers and one French sailor were killed. Other ships captured included two obsolete battleships, Paris and Courbet, the destroyers Triomphant and Léopard, eight torpedo boats, five submarines and a number of less important ships. Many – including the Surcouf – went on to be used by the Free French forces. Some sailors joined the Free French while others were repatriated to France. The attack on the French vessels at port sowed anger amongst the French towards their ally and increased tension between Churchill and the leader of the Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle.

Ultimatum

The most powerful concentration of French warships at the time was the squadron at the port of Mers-el-Kébir in French Algeria. This consisted of the old battleships Provence and Bretagne, the modern battleships (or battlecruisers) Dunkerque and Strasbourg, the seaplane tender Commandant Teste and six destroyers under the command of Admiral Marcel-Bruno Gensoul. British Admiral James Somerville of Force H, based in Gibraltar, was ordered to deliver an ultimatum to the French, stating:

“

It is impossible for us, your comrades up to now, to allow your fine ships to fall into the power of the German enemy. We are determined to fight on until the end, and if we win, as we think we shall, we shall never forget that France was our Ally, that our interests are the same as hers, and that our common enemy is Germany. Should we conquer we solemnly declare that we shall restore the greatness and territory of France. For this purpose we must make sure that the best ships of the French Navy are not used against us by the common foe. In these circumstances, His Majesty’s Government have instructed me to demand that the French Fleet now at Mers el Kebir and Oran shall act in accordance with one of the following alternatives; (a) Sail with us and continue the fight until victory against the Germans. (b) Sail with reduced crews under our control to a British port. The reduced crews would be repatriated at the earliest moment. If either of these courses is adopted by you we will restore your ships to France at the conclusion of the war or pay full compensation if they are damaged meanwhile. (c) Alternatively if you feel bound to stipulate that your ships should not be used against the Germans unless they break the Armistice, then sail them with us with reduced crews to some French port in the West Indies — Martinique for instance — where they can be demilitarised to our satisfaction, or perhaps be entrusted to the United States and remain safe until the end of the war, the crews being repatriated. If you refuse these fair offers, I must with profound regret, require you to sink your ships within 6 hours. Finally, failing the above, I have the orders from His Majesty’s Government to use whatever force may be necessary to prevent your ships from falling into German hands.

”

Somerville did not present the ultimatum personally. Instead, this duty fell to the French-speaking Captain Cedric Holland, commanding officer of the carrier HMS Ark Royal. Admiral Gensoul, affronted that negotiations were not being conducted by a senior officer, sent his own lieutenant, Bernard Dufay, which led to much delay and confusion.

Blackburn Skuas of No 800 Squadron Fleet Air Arm prepare to take off from HMS Ark Royal

As negotiations dragged on, it became clear that neither side was likely to give way. French Navy Minister Admiral Darlan never received the full text of the British ultimatum from Admiral Gensoul, most significantly with regard to the option of removing the fleet to American waters, an option which formed part of the orders, given to Gensoul by Darlan, to be followed should a foreign power attempt to seize the ships under his command.

Before negotiations were formally terminated, British Fairey Swordfish planes escorted by obsolete Blackburn Skuas were dispatched from the carrier Ark Royal to drop magnetic mines in the path of the French ships’ route to sea. This force was intercepted by French Curtiss H-75 fighters. Thanks to the escorting Skuas, none of the Swordfish were lost, but one of the Skuas was shot down by French fighters and crashed into the sea, killing its crew, the only British fatalities in the action.

A short while later, on Churchill’s instructions, the British ships opened fire against their former ally.

The attack

The British force consisted of the battlecruiser HMS Hood, battleships HMS Valiant and Resolution and the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal plus an escort of cruisers and destroyers. Despite the approximate equivalence of force, the British had several decisive advantages. The French fleet was anchored in a narrow harbour and, despite the unequivocal terms of the ultimatum, was not expecting an attack and was not fully prepared for battle. The main armament of the Dunkerque and Strasbourg was grouped on their bows and could not immediately be brought to bear. The British capital ships, with their 15-inch (381 mm) guns, also fired a heavier broadside than the French ones.

Destroyer Mogador running aground

Battleship Bretagne exploding

The British opened fire at extreme range on 3 July 1940 at 16:56. The French eventually replied but ineffectively. The third salvo from the British force and the first to hit resulted in a magazine explosion aboard Bretagne, which sank with 977 of her crew dead at 17:09. After some thirty salvos, the French ships stopped firing. Meanwhile, the British force altered their course to avoid fire from the French coastal forts. Provence, Dunkerque and the destroyer Mogador were damaged and run aground by their crews.

Strasbourg managed to escape with four destroyers. As these five ships made for the open seas, they came under attack from a flight of bomb-armed Swordfish from Ark Royal, two of which were lost (their crews being rescued by the destroyer HMS Wrestler). The bombing attack had little effect, and Somerville ordered his forces to begin pursuing at 18:43. The British cruisers Arethusa and Enterprise reported engaging a French destroyer. At 20:20, Somerville called off the pursuit, feeling that his ships were ill-deployed for a night engagement. After weathering another Swordfish attack at 20:55 without damage, Strasbourg reached the French port of Toulon on 4 July.

Subsequently, on 4 July, the British submarine HMS Pandora sank the French aviso (gunboat) Rigault de Genouilly, sailing from Oran. That night, French bombers carried out a retaliatory raid against the British fleet at Gibraltar to no great effect. Since the British believed that damage to Dunkerque and Provence was not very serious, British Fairey Swordfish aircraft from Ark Royal raided Mers-el-Kebir the morning of 6 July. One torpedo hit the patrol boat Terre-Neuve, which was moored alongside Dunkerque and was carrying a supply of depth charges. Terre-Neuve quickly sank and its charges triggered in a huge explosion, causing serious damage to Dunkerque.

Aftermath

Memorial on the coastal path at Toulon to the 1,297 French seamen who died during the British bombardment of their ships at Mers El Kebir.

At Mers-el-Kébir, 1,297 French sailors were killed and about 350 were wounded. Relations between Britain and France were severely strained for some time and the Germans received a propaganda coup.

British Admiral Somerville was not enthusiastic about the action saying that it was “the biggest political blunder of modern times and will rouse the whole world against us…we all feel thoroughly ashamed…” In fact, the action demonstrated Britain’s resolve to continue the war alone as well as rallying the British Conservative Party around Churchill (although Prime Minister Churchill was not party leader). Churchill himself later declared the action meant that for “high government circles in the United States … there was no more talk of Britain giving in.” Harold Nicolson reported the House of Commons to have been “fortified” by Churchill’s report of the action.

The French ships in Alexandria under command of Admiral René-Emile Godfroy, including the old battleship Lorraine and four cruisers, were blockaded by the British in port on 3 July and offered the same terms as at Mers-el-Kébir. After delicate negotiations, conducted on the part of the British by Admiral Cunningham, the French Admiral agreed on 7 July to disarm his fleet and stay in port until the end of the war. They stayed there until they eventually joined the Allies in 1943.

The last phase of Operation Catapult was an attack on 8 July by aircraft from the carrier HMS Hermes against the modern French battleship Richelieu, at Dakar. One torpedo hit and damaged the vessel.

As retaliation for the actions at Mers-el-Kébir and Dakar, French bomber raids were made on Gibraltar, including a half-hearted one on 14 July when many bombs were dropped in the sea and heavier raids on the 24 and 25 September. In early June 1940, about 13,500 civilians had been evacuated from Gibraltar to Casablanca in French Morocco. Following the capitulation of the French to the Germans, the new pro-German French Vichy government found their presence an embarrassment. In the wake of the attack at Mers-el-Kébir, they were expelled by being forcibly driven at bayonet point, without many of their possessions, onto crowded and dirty interned British cargo ships. (see: Military history of Gibraltar during World War II).

The ships Dunkerque, Provence and Mogador were partially repaired and sailed back to Toulon.

On 27 November 1942, the Germans attempted to capture the French fleet based at Toulon as part of Case Anton, the military occupation of Vichy France by Germany. All ships of any military value were scuttled by the French before the arrival of German troops, notably including Dunkerque and Strasbourg.

Casualties

French casualties in the action were distributed thus:

Casualties of the action at Mers-el-Kébir

	Officers	Petty Officers	Sailors and Marines	Total
Bretagne	36	151	825	1012
Dunkerque	9	32	169	210
Provence	1	2		3
Strasbourg		2	3	5
Mogador		3	35	38
Rigault de Genouilly		3	9	12
Terre Neuve	1	1	6	8
Armen		3	3	6
Esterel	1	5		6
Total	48	202	1050	1300

Orders of Battle

Royal Navy Order of Battle

• HMS Hood - battlecruiser - Flagship of Force H
• HMS Resolution - Revenge class battleship
• HMS Valiant - Queen Elizabeth class battleship
• HMS Ark Royal - aircraft carrier
• HMS Arethusa - Arethusa class light cruiser
• HMS Enterprise - Emerald class light cruiser
• HMS Faulknor - destroyer
• HMS Foxhound - destroyer
• HMS Fearless - destroyer
• HMS Forester - destroyer
• HMS Foresight - destroyer
• HMS Escort - destroyer
• HMS Keppel - destroyer
• HMS Active - destroyer
• HMS Wrestler - destroyer
• HMS Vidette - destroyer
• HMS Vortigern - destroyer

French Navy (Marine Nationale) Order of Battle

• Dunkerque - Battleship - flagship
• Strasbourg - Dunkerque-class battleship
• Bretagne - Battleship
• Provence - Bretagne-class battleship
• Commandant Teste - Seaplane tender
• Mogador - Destroyer
• Volta - Mogador-class destroyer
• Terrible - Fantasque-class destroyer
• Lynx - Jaguar-class destroyer
• Tigre - Jaguar-class destroyer
• Kersaint - Vauquelin-class destroyer

See also

• Attack on Pearl Harbor
• Battle of Casablanca

Notes

1. ^ Ernest Harold Jenkins, History of the French Navy, ISBN 0-356-04196-4
2. ^ Paxton, Robert.O (1972). Vichy France. pp. 43 para 2. 
3. ^ Paul Collier, The Second World War (4): The Mediterranean 1940–1945, ISBN 978-1-84176-539-6
4. ^ Claude Farrère, Histoire de la Marine Française
5. ^ ^{a b c d} Kappes, Irwin J. (2003) Mers-el-Kebir: A Battle Between Friends, Military History Online
6. ^ Christian-Jacques Ehrengardt & Christopher J. Shores, L’aviation de Vichy au combat. Tome I: les campagnes oubliées, Lavauzelle, 1985
7. ^ Philippe Masson La Marine française et la guerre 1939-1945 p. 164
8. ^ Churchill, Roy Jenkins, Macmillan, London, 2001, pp623 - 625
9. ^ Pieka?kiewicz, Janusz (1987), Sea War: 1939-1945, Blandford Press, London - New York, 1987.
10. ^ Bond, Peter (2003), “The Third Century 1904-2004″. 300 Years of British Gibraltar, 1704-2004 Peter-Tan Publishing Co, Gibraltar.

Sources

• Collier, Paul (2003). The Second World War (4): The Mediterranean 1940–1945′. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 9781841765396.  Online version at Google Books

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Attack on Mers-el-Kébir

• A plan of the Mers-el-Kébir anchorage, hmshood.org.uk
• Mers-El-Kebir (1979) a French made-for-TV movie
• Churchill’s Sinking of the French Fleet (3 July 1940), digitalsurvivors.com
• Kappes, Irwin J. (2003) Mers-el-Kebir: A Battle Between Friends, Military History Online
• Transcript of The Battles of Britain, a BBC radio programme in which Michael Portillo argues that the action at Mers el Kabir was as important to British survival as the Battle of Britain

Coordinates: 35°43?10.18?N 0°41?20?W? / ?35.7194944°N 0.68889°W? / 35.7194944; -0.68889

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_Mers-el-K%C3%A9bir”
Categories: Battle of the Mediterranean | World War II operations and battles of Europe | History of Algeria | 1940 in France | Battles involving France

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Daniel Zacapa

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Daniel Zacapa
Born	1954 Tegucigalpa, Honduras

Daniel Zacapa (born 1954) is an American trilingual actor, community activist, and ex-class A San Francisco Giants baseball player. He played the role of Detective Taylor in the 1995 Brad Pitt film, Seven. Daniel Zacapa has worked steadily from the 1970s to the 1990s, amassing a series of television credits, as well as roles in Up Close and Personal.

The eldest of five children in a single parent household, Daniel Zacapa was born in Honduras and raised in the San Francisco Bay area. As a high school student working in a mental health center with emotionally handicapped children, Zacapa saw that loving attention and respect could make a huge impact in a person’s life. This understanding became the springboard for commitment in supporting youth to become expressive, responsible achievers of their own dreams. Regularly speaking to youth, Zacapa believes that, “Young people are so eager for adults to engage them on their level. Children long to be seen for their own uniqueness and need encouragement from adults to find their own path.”

Zacapa is currently a cast member of Showtime’s Resurrection Boulevard, portraying Tio Ruben of the Santiago family. Most recently completed principal photography in George Clooney’s directorial debut, Confessions of a Dangerous Mind, and a leading role in the independent film Coronado His other feature film credits are The Mexican with Brad Pitt, Odd Couple II with Jack Lemmon and Walter Matthau, Up Close and Personal, Phenomenon, Seven, The Sandlot, and Werner Herzog’s Aguirre: The Wrath of God. His television appearances have included Six Feet Under, Judging Amy, The Practice, NYPD Blue, Seinfeld, JAG, and Star Trek: Voyager. He won the 1998 ALMA (American Latino Media Arts) Award recipient as Best Supporting Actor for his role in Foto Novelas, a PBS drama directed by Carlos Avila.

Mr. Zacapa is the father of two daughters and grandfather of three. He has been associated with Catholic Big Brothers, the Joseph Matteucci Foundation for Youth Non-Violence in Northern California, gang prevention work with Community Service Programs of Orange County, and Padres Contra at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles. He regularly reads to children in elementary schools throughout Los Angeles and Orange County, and speaks with middle and high school students in the classroom and in programs of Woodcraft Rangers whose motto is “It’s a big world… Wood helps kids find their way.”

References

1. ^ Daniel Zacapa Biography ((?)-)

External links

• Daniel Zacapa at the Internet Movie Database

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Zacapa”
Categories: American film actors | Living people | 1954 births

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Warlord (Star Trek: Voyager)

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Star Trek: VOY episode
“Warlord”
Episode no.	52
Prod. code	152
Airdate	November 20, 1996
Writer(s)	Andrew Shepard Price Mark Gaberman Lisa Klink
Director	David Livingston
Guest star(s)	Anthony Crivello as Adin Brad Greenquist as Demmas Galyn Görg as Nori Charles Emmett as Resh Leigh McCloskey as Tieran
Year	2373
Stardate	50348.1
Episode chronology
Previous	“Future’s End, Part II”
Next	“The Q and the Grey”

“Warlord” is an episode of Star Trek: Voyager, the 10th episode of the third season. It has an average fan rating of 4.2/5 on the official Star Trek website as of September, 2009.

Plot summary

The U.S.S. Voyager beams aboard three people just before their damaged ship explodes: an Ilari female named Nori, her injured spouse Tieran and an Ilari male named Adin. Although the Doctor and Kes try to save him, Tieran dies. Not long after, Neelix is shocked when Kes announces she’d like to spend some time apart from him. When Voyager arrives at Ilari, the local leader, known as “the Autarch,” sends a representative to the ship instead of coming himself. Inexplicably, Kes pulls out a phaser, kills the representative and a crewmember, and escapes in a stolen shuttlecraft with Adin and Nori.

Kes takes the shuttle to a military encampment and takes command of the waiting troops. In the meantime, Janeway meets with Demmas, the Autarch’s oldest son, who explains that Kes’ body is now inhabited by Tieran, a former Ilarian ruler who was overthrown by Demmas’ ancestor 200 years ago. Since then, Tieran has lived on by transferring his mind to a series of host bodies. Janeway agrees to help Demmas stop Kes/Tieran, but before she can, the tyrant has killed the Autarch in front of Demmas’ younger brother, Ameron, and appointed himself the new Autarch.

Kes/Tieran tries to poison Ameron’s thoughts against Demmas and urges him to cooperate with the new regime. In the meantime, the Doctor designs a synaptic stimulator that will remove Tieran’s neural pattern from Kes — if they can get close enough to use it. Tuvok beams into the Autarch’s palace, but is caught and imprisoned before he can succeed in the attempt. When Kes/Tieran interrogates Tuvok, the Vulcan is able to initiate a mind-meld and speak directly to Kes, who tells Tuvok she is fighting Tieran for control.

Kes/Tieran orders Voyager to leave orbit, but the stress of the mental battle between Kes and Tieran results in a paranoid Kes/Tieran killing Adin. To Nori’s chagrin, Kes/Tieran announces she’s marrying Ameron. Moments later, a coalition of Voyager’s crew and Demmas’ forces bursts into the palace. Paris releases Tuvok, while Neelix places the synaptic stimulator on Kes/Tieran. Tieran jumps to a new host body — Ameron — but Kes places the device on him and Tieran is finally destroyed. Demmas, the rightful heir, becomes Autarch.

External links

• Warlord at Memory Alpha (a Star Trek wiki)
• Episode summary from Startrek.com

This article about an episode of Star Trek: Voyager is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warlord_(Star_Trek:_Voyager)”
Categories: Star Trek: Voyager episodes | 1996 television episodes | Star Trek: Voyager episode stubs

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Mambalam

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Mambalam
Mambalam Location of Mambalam in Chennai and India
Coordinates	13°02?29?N 80°13?59?E? / ?13.0414°N 80.2330°E? / 13.0414; 80.2330
Country	India
State	Tamil Nadu
District(s)	Chennai
Parliamentary constituency	Chennai South
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Codes • Pincode • 600017 • Vehicle • TN-09

Mambalam is a working class residential and commercial area in the heart of Chennai, India. It is best known for its shops, bazaars and Hindu temples. It is bounded by Kodambakkam to the north and Saidapet to the south. T. Nagar and Nandanam stretch all along its eastern frontiers while K. K. Nagar lies to its west. The Ayodhya Mandapam is an important landmark.

History

Mambalam was an insignificant village on the outskirts of Madras city until the year 1911 when a station was constructed to cater to the newly laid Madras-Kanchipuram railroad which passed through this area. The draining-out of the Long Tank in 1923 triggered an era of development. The adjacent township of Theagaroya Nagar grew up during this time. As T. Nagar evolved into a pure commercial district in the 1950s (contrary to the expectation of its originators), residential localities concentrated along the western part of Mambalam. Its growth entered a new phase in the 1970s and 1980s with rapid development and the needs of a soaring population. Today, it is one of the busiest localities within Chennai with an estimated population of around 100,000.

Places and localities

Some famous localities in Mambalam include Rangarajapuram, Dorasamy Subway, Arya Gowder Road, and Ayodhya Mandapam. Most of Mambalam is categorized under West Mambalam that the region actually regarded as ‘Mambalam’ occupies a very small area.

Mambalam is known for the Siva-Vishnu Temple (near Ranganathan Street) where Lord Shiva and Vishnu are worshiped. The area is known for shops like Saravana Stores, Pothys, RmKV, Chennai Silks and Jeyachandran along with veterans in the Textile business like Nalli & Kumaran Textiles.

Mambalam is also home to the famous Ayodhya Mandapam, Sathyananarayana Temple, Public Health Center and various schools such as Sri Ramakrishna Boys H. Sec. School, Sarada Vidyalaya Girls H. Sec. School, J.G.H.V.M.H.Sec.School, Postal Colony, Sri Sitaram Vidyalaya Mat Hr Secondary School, Ahobila Mutt, BS Mootha and SRM Nightingale.

Unfortunately, the area has witnessed recent gang violence resulting from the impoverished apartments near Ranganathan Street. Subsequently, the relatively small police force has increased its recruitment efforts.

References

1. Article on T. Nagar in The Hindu Business Line

Mambalam
Next station east north/north: Kodambakkam	South West Line, Chennai Suburban		Next station south/south west: Saidapet
	Stop number: 8	KM from starting: 11.29

These are the stations of South West Line of Chennai Suburban Railway

Chennai Beach · Chennai Fort · Park Town · Chennai Egmore · Chetpet · Nungambakkam · Kodambakkam · Mambalam · Saidapet · Guindy · St. Thomas Mount · Palavanthangal · Meenambakkam · Tirusulam · Pallavaram · Chromepet · Tambaram Sanatorium · Tambaram · Perungalathur · Vandalur · Urapakkam · Guduvancheri · Potheri · Kattangulathur · Maraimalai Nagar · Singaperumal Koil · Paranur · Chengalpattu · Reddypalayam · Villiambakkam · Palur · Palayasivaram · Walajabad · Nathapettai · Kanchipuram · Tirumalpur · Thakkolam · Arakkonam

Mambalam
Next station northbound: Kodambakkam	South Line, Chennai Suburban		Next station southbound: Saidapet
	Stop number: 8	KM from starting: 11.29

These are the stations of South Line of Chennai Suburban Railway

Chennai Beach · Chennai Fort · Park Town · Chennai Egmore · Chetpet · Nungambakkam · Kodambakkam · Mambalam · Saidapet · Guindy · St. Thomas Mount · Palavanthangal · Meenambakkam · Tirusulam · Pallavaram · Chromepet · Tambaram Sanatorium · Tambaram · Perungalathur · Vandalur · Urapakkam · Guduvancheri · Potheri · Kattangulathur · Maraimalai Nagar · Singaperumal Koil · Paranur · Chengalpattu · Tirumani · Ottivakkam · Padalam · Karunguzhi · Madurantakam · Paakkam · Melmaruvathur · Acharapakkam · Tozhuppedu · Karasangal · Olakur · Panchalam · Tindivanam · Mailam · Perani · Vikravandi · Mundiyampakkam · Villupuram

v • d • e Neighbourhoods of Chennai Adyar · Adambakkam · Alwarthirunagar · Ambattur · Aminjikarai · Anna Nagar · Anna Nagar West · Arumbakkam · Ashok Nagar · Avadi · Ayanavaram · Besant Nagar · Chepauk · Chetput · Chitlapakkam · Choolaimedu · Chromepet · Egmore · Foreshore Estate · Georgetown · Greenways Road · Guindy · Guindy TVK Estate · Injambakkam · K. K. Nagar · Karapakkam · Kilpauk · Kodambakkam · Kodungaiyur · Kolathur · Korattur · Kotturpuram · Koyambedu · Madipakkam · Madhavaram · Mambalam · Manapakkam · Mandavelli · Meenambakkam · Mogappair · Mylapore · Nandanam · Nandambakkam · Nanganallur · Neelankarai · Nungambakkam · Palavakkam · Palavanthangal · Pammal · Panagal Park · Park Town · Parry’s Corner · Perambur · Perungalathur · Perungudi · Pondy Bazaar · Poonamallee · Porur · Purasawalkam · Puzhuthivakkam · Royapettah · Royapuram · Saidapet · Santhome · Sholinganallur · Shenoy Nagar · Sithalapakkam · Sowcarpet · St. Thomas Mount · T. Nagar · Tambaram · Tharamani · Teynampet · Thirumangalam · Thiruvanmiyur · Tirusulam · Tiruvottiyur · Tolgate · Tondiarpet · Triplicane · Trustpuram · Vadapalani · Valasaravakkam · Vallalar Nagar · Vandalur · Velachery · Villivakkam · Vinayagapuram · Virugambakkam · Vyasarpadi · Washermanpet · West Mambalam

This Chennai location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mambalam”
Categories: Chennai | Chennai geography stubs | Stations of Chennai Suburban RailwayHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from September 2009

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Our Day Out (play)

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Our Day Out
Day Out book cover.jpg” src=”http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Our_Day_Out_book_cover.jpg/200px-Our_Day_Out_book_cover.jpg” width=”200″ height=”290″ /> Front cover of the 1993 version of Our Day Out from Heinemann Plays series 1993
Author	Willy Russell
Cover artist	Clare Webber
Country	United Kingdom
Language	English
Publisher	Hutchinson Education
Publication date	1987
ISBN	ISBN 0-435-23301-7 and ISBN 978-0-435233-01-3
OCLC Number	30777435

Our Day Out is a play written by Willy Russel in 1977. It was written for a film which was broadcast by the BBC, and was later adapted into a musical.

See also

Our Day Out film

References

1. ^ Russell, Willy (1993). Our Day Out. United Kingdom: Heinemann Educational Publishers. pp. ix. ISBN 0-435-23301-7. 

willy russell showed the audience that the school students where working class and that the middle class people would look down onto the children.Bold text

External links

• Our Day Out limited preview on Google Books

This article on a play from the 1970s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Day_Out_(play)”
Categories: 1977 plays | Plays by Willy Russell | 20th century play stubs

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University of La Verne

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University of La Verne
Established	1891 (as Lordsburg College)
Type	Private
Endowment	US $32,097,827 (2010)
President	Steve Morgan (Retiring June 2011)
Location	La Verne, California, United States
Campus	Suburban, 26 acres
Colors	Green and Orange
Mascot	Leopards
Website	www.laverne.edu

The University of La Verne is a private, doctoral research university in La Verne, California (about 35 miles east of Los Angeles), founded in 1891. The university is composed of the College of Arts & Sciences, College of Business & Public Management, College of Education and Organizational Leadership, College of Law, and a Regional Campus Administration that oversees seven regional campuses.

The University offers a full spectrum of degrees, including bachelors, masters, doctoral and law.

Contents 1 Mission Statement 2 History 3 Building on Excellence Campaign 4 Campus locations 5 Online education 6 College of Law 7 Athletics 8 Wilson Library 9 Accreditation & Memberships 10 Notable alumni 11 References 12 External links

Mission Statement

It is the mission of the University of La Verne to provide opportunities for students to achieve their educational goals and become contributing citizens to the global community. This is accomplished by offering high quality degree programs to both traditional-aged and adult learners; providing liberal arts and professional programs from undergraduate to doctoral levels; and delivering programs to students at the central La Verne campus as well as regional campuses and satellite class locations throughout California.

The University provides a student-centered, values-based, and diverse learning environment. It takes pride in offering small class sizes in a highly personalized setting. The University encourages effective teaching, research, scholarly contributions, and service to the greater community by sharing its academic, professional, and individual resources.

Values: The University of La Verne shares four core values that promote a positive and rewarding life for its students through fostering a genuine appreciation and respect for: A Values Orientation - The University affirms a philosophy of life that actively supports peace with justice, the health of the planet and its people. Therefore, in light of this affirmation, it encourages students to become reflective about personal, professional, and societal values. It also encourages values-based ethical behavior.

Community and Diversity - The University promotes the goal of community within a context of diversity. Therefore, it encourages students to understand and appreciate the diversity of cultures that exists locally, nationally, and internationally. It also seeks to promote appreciation and preservation of biodiversity by helping students understand the impact/dependence of human beings on their environment.

Lifelong Learning - The University commits itself to promoting education that facilitates lifelong learning. Therefore, it teaches students how to learn, to think critically, to do constructive research, and to access and integrate information in order to prepare them for continued personal and career growth.

Community Service - The University believes that personal service is a primary goal of the educated person. Therefore, it encourages students to experience the responsibilities and rewards of serving the human and ecological community.

History

The University of La Verne was founded in 1891 as Lordsburg College by members of the Church of the Brethren. Both the surrounding agricultural community and the College were renamed La Verne in 1917. The College reorganized in 1977 as the University of La Verne. At present, the structure of the University consists of the College of Arts and Sciences, the College of Business and Public Management, the College of Education, the College of Law, and Regional Campuses.

The school conferred its first master’s degree in 1965 and began an adult education program in 1969. ULV awarded its first doctorate in 1979. In 1981, the University founded a campus in Orange County and has since opened campuses throughout southern California.

The University of La Verne is an independent, nonsectarian and non-profit institution.

Building on Excellence Campaign

Founder’s Hall

In January 2007, university President Steve Morgan announced that La Verne had raised more than $33 million toward its five-year Building on Excellence Campaign, which runs from July 1, 2003 to June 30, 2008.

The goals of the advancement initiative include:

• Enhance the campus by updating facilities and infrastructure
• Increase and encourage research
• Provide vital financial assistance to those seeking to further their education
• Strengthen La Verne’s intercollegiate athletic program
• Expand the university’s leadership and legacy in the field of education
• Sustain the growth and development of the College of Law

Part of the funds secured during the campaign’s initial two years includes the $17.8 million raised as part of the $21 million Campus Center Project.

The Campus Center Project features construction of the Sara & Michael Abraham Campus Center (student union building offering classrooms, office space, cafe, mail room and conference rooms), creation of the Frank & Nadine Johnson Family Plaza, and renovation of the Sports Science & Athletics Pavilion (formerly known as the “Super Tents”).

District VII of the Council for Advancement and Support of Education (CASE) honored President Morgan with its Chief Executive Officer Leadership Award in 2006 for his efforts in this campaign.

Campus locations

Third Street

• Main Campus 1950 Third Street, La Verne, CA 91750
• La Verne Central Coast 4119 Broad Street, Suite 200, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401
• La Verne High Desert 15447 Anacapa Road, Suite 100, Victorville, CA 92392
• La Verne Inland Empire 10535 Foothill Blvd, Suite 400, Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
• La Verne Kern County 1201 24th Street Suite D-200, Bakersfield, CA 93301
• La Verne Orange County 2855 Michelle Drive, Suite 250, Irvine, CA 92606
• La Verne San Fernando Valley 4001 W. Alameda Avenue, Suite 300, Burbank, CA 91505
• La Verne Ventura County 2001 Solar Drive, Suite 250, Oxnard, CA 93036
• University of La Verne College of Law 320 East D Street, Ontario, CA 91764

Military satellite campuses:

• Point Mugu NAS Point Mugu NAWC, CA 93042
• Vandenberg AFB Vandenberg AFB, CA 93437-6312

Online education

La Verne Online offers select programs through on line coursework, and some programs offer student choice on whether to take a class on campus or online; some of the programs which participate are:

Programs include:

• Graduate Degree Programs
• Master of Business Administration (MBA)
• Professional Development Courses for Educators
• Doctor in Public Administration

• Undergraduate Degree Programs
• Bachelor of Science in Organizational Management
• Bachelor of Science in Public Administration
• General Education Course Offerings

College of Law

Main article: University of La Verne College of Law

The University of La Verne College of Law was founded in 1970 and is located in Ontario, California. On February 13, 2006, the University of La Verne College of Law was provisionally accredited by the American Bar Association, allowing students to take the bar exam and become practicing attorneys in any US jurisdiction.

On April 23, 2007, InlandEmpire.us reported:

At a time when American Bar Association (ABA)-accredited law schools nationwide are experiencing an average 3.4% decrease in applications for admission over last year, University of La Verne College of Law reports a 208% increase in its application rate, more than doubling its application intake over the past twelve months. Only one other law school in the nation experienced an increase of 100% or more in its application rate.

Athletics

Tents next to Football Field

La Verne offers 19 intercollegiate athletic teams—10 sports for men and nine for women. The ULV Leopards are a member of the Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC) and compete at the NCAA Division III level.

La Verne has captured numerous SCIAC Championships, and has claimed NCAA team titles in baseball (1995) and women’s volleyball (1982, 2001). La Verne boasts quality training facilities including an all-weather track and weight room. The new La Verne Swimming Complex serves as the home for swimming and water polo.

Men’s Teams
Baseball
Basketball
Cross Country
Football
Golf
Soccer
Swimming & Diving
Tennis
Track & Field
Water Polo

Women’s Teams
Basketball
Cross Country
Soccer
Softball
Swimming & Diving
Tennis
Track & Field
Volleyball
Water Polo

Wilson Library

The Elvin and Betty Wilson Library—La Verne’s main library—contains over 193,000 volumes and 2,000 current journal subscriptions. Tables and individual carrels provide seating and study space. Microfilm and microfiche readers and video cassette players are available as well as coin-operated copy machines. Reference services are provided by the professional library staff. Access to library resources beyond Wilson Library is available by means of interlibrary loan and reciprocal borrowing privileges at academic libraries in the area. The library is connected by computer to collections of college and university libraries across the nation. see below:

Accreditation & Memberships

The University of La Verne is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Senior Colleges and Universities of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC).

College of Law
The College of Law is provisionally approved by the American Bar Association

Military Memberships
Council of Civilian and Military Educators (CCME)
National Association of Institutions for Military Education Services (Naimes)
Western Association of Veteran Education Specialists (Waves)

Psychology
The Doctorate in Clinical-Community Psychology is accredited by the American Psychological Association

Public Administration
The Master of Public Administration program is accredited by the National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration (NASPAA)

Teaching/Education
Credential programs are approved by the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CCTC)

Notable alumni

• Anthony Zuiker — of the CSI (franchise)
• Levon Ter-Petrossian — President of Armenia (1991–1998) (Honorary Doctorate only)
• Rob Fukuzaki - Los Angeles sportscaster on ABC
• Ross Mathews - “Ross the Intern” on NBC’s Tonight Show with Jay Leno and contestant on Celebrity Fit Club
• Enrique Gutierrez - Los Angeles sportscaster on Univision 34 Los Angeles
• Keisha Grant - News Anchor on NBC’s affiliate WVIT in Connecticut
• Phil Esbenshade - Pro Skateboarder/Attorney
• Steve Ortmayer - assistant head coach of the University of Kentucky’s football team
• Sunny Han - part of the Han twins murder conspiracy
• Dan Quisenberry - former Major League Baseball pitcher
• PJ Butta - On-Air Radio Talent, KHHT - Hot 92.3 in Los Angeles
• Patricia Krenwinkel - one of the infamous Manson Family killers
• Christopher Vito - businessman, entrepreneur
• Gregory Kimura - businessman Official Ring Maker for Miss California
• Joe Bagg - jazz pianist, Hammond B3 player
• Giloh Morgan - songwriter, music producer
• Gayle Serdan - jazz pianist, educator
• J Michael O’Neil - jazz pianist, music minister
• Michael Bennett - drummer, percussionist
• Adonis Phillips - Educator
• Leslie Redkey - Educational Administrator; Redkey the Great (fists of Redkey steel!)
• Larry Kennan - Executive Director of the NFL Coaches Association (NFLCA)

References

1. ^ ^{a b} http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/la-verne-ca/la-verne-1216
2. ^ “Alumnus Rob Fukuzaki to be Honored at 10th Annual ULV President’s Dinner Gala” University of La Verne, University Relations website. Accessed December 12, 2007
3. ^ “Alumni Profile: Ross Mathews 2002″ University of La Verne, University Relations website. Accessed October 23, 2007
4. ^ “Making a Contest a Career” La Verne Magazine, Winter 2006. Accessed December 12, 2007
5. ^ “Alumni - What you are, we are” ULVoice, University of La Verne. Accessed December 12, 2007
6. ^ “Who is PJ Butta” PJ Butta Biography. Accessed December 12, 2007
7. ^

• US News Rankings and Reviews

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: University of La Verne

• University of La Verne

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Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_La_Verne”
Categories: Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference | Universities and colleges in California | Independent Colleges of Southern California | Universities and colleges affiliated with the Church of the Brethren | Universities and colleges in the San Fernando Valley | Educational institutions established in 1981 | National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities | Western Association of Schools and CollegesHidden categories: Los Angeles County, California articles missing geocoordinate data | All articles needing coordinates

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